Energy Flashcards
What is metabolism broken down into?
Catabolism
Anabolism
What is catabolism?
Biochemical reaction that breaks down large molecules to release energy
What is anabolism?
Biochemical reaction to synthesise new molecules by consuming energy.
What paths does a lipid take to get to the Krebs cycle?
Lipid > fatty acids > beta oxidation > acetyl CoA > Krebs cycle
What path does a carbohydrate take to get to the Krebs cycle?
Carbohydrates > glucose > glycolysis > pyruvate > acetyl CoA > Krebs cycle
How do proteins get to the Krebs cycle?
Protein > amino acid > deamination > (acetyl CoA) > Krebs cycle
What is deamination?
Deamination is the elimination of nitrogen through the process of:
Ammonia > urea > urine
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
The mitochondria
How many molecules of ATP are produced in the Krebs cycle?
2
What two energy rich electron donor substances are produced in the Krebs cycle?
NADH
FADH2
What is the role of NADH And FADH2?
These molecules donate electrons to a series of carrier molecules in a sequence of reactions called the electron transport chain.
The energy released from this is used to generate further molecules of ATP
Fill in the blanks
What is the electron transport chain?
A controlled release of energy
What carrier molecules are involved in the electron transport chain?
Cytochromes
Describe the electron transport chain
- NADH + H+ + FADH2 synthesises ATP
- Coenzymes pass high energy electrons through electron carriers, synthesising ATP
- The electrons moved from a high energy state to a lower energy state.
- Lower energy electrons are passed to oxygen to produce water.
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain both require oxygen to produce ATP. What type of respiration is this?
Aerobic cellular respiration
How much ATP is yielded in fat metabolism?
Each 18C fatty acid yields 146 ATP
Therefore, each molecule of lipid yields 3×146 = 438 ATP.
Is protein breakdown used in normal energy metabolism?
Not really
When is protein energy metabolism used?
- During sustained, intense exercise.
- In starvation when carbohydrate and lipid stores have been used up.
Why do we need energy?
- Muscle contraction.
- Protein synthesis.
- Active transport.
- Maintain body temperature.
- Replenishing energy stores.
What is the anaerobic glucose breakdown?
Glucose > Glycolysis > pyruvate > lactate> Pyruvate > glucogenesis > glucose> glycogen (stored)
What happens if EI > EE
Excess energy is stored as fat.
Subject is in positive energy balance .
What happens if EI < EE?
Fat stores are mobilised
Subject is in negative energy balance
What happens if EI = EE?
Subject is an energy balance
