Energy Flashcards
Transfer of mechanical energy to electrical energy
Turbine
Transfer of electrical energy to mechanical energy
An electrical motor
Transfer of electrical energy to thermal energy
Electrical Resistor
Some energy will always be lost through thermal energy in any exchange
Transfer of thermal energy to electrical energy
Multiferric Ni45Co5Mn40Sn10 alloy
Storage of electrical energy as chemical energy
Electrolytic reaction
Activation of chemical energy into electrical energy
Voltaic reaction
Activation of chemical energy into thermal energy
Exothermic reaction
Some energy will always be lost through thermal energy in any exchange
Storage of thermal energy as chemical energy
Endothermic reaction
Activation of chemical energy into mechanical energy
Control-streamed combustion reaction
Transfer of chemical energy into gravitational energy
Vertical control-streamed combustion reaction
Activation of gravitational energy into mechanical energy
‘Dropping’
Or Slingshot Gravitational approach
Use of gravitational force on the edge of a vertical rotating surface
Activation of gravitational energy into electrical energy
Submersion of piezoelectric material in liquid (ideally the ocean)
Activation of chemical energy as photon energy
Chemiluminecent reactions
Activation of chemical energy as elastic energy
Gas evolution reactions that increase pressure on an elastic material
Transfer gravitational energy into elastic energy
Hang mass from an elastic material above ground
Transfer of elastic energy into gravitational energy
The use of an elastic material to launch something vertically
Activation of elastic energy as mechanical energy
Using an elastic material to launch something horizontally
Activating of elastic energy as electrical energy
Use of an elastic material to apply pressure to a piezoelectric material
Activation of elastic energy as thermal energy
Using an elastic material to decrease the overall volume within a system
Some energy will always be lost through thermal energy in any exchange
Activation of gravitational energy as thermal energy
Submersion of an entire system in liquid to increase external pressure and decrease volume
Transfer from one energy state to another
Always involves the application of a force
Storage of mechanical energy as gravitational energy
Rotation of a circular surface to raise an object on its outer edge
Second law of thermodynamics
Given work in a closed system, the final state will always have less potential energy than the initial state
Everything tends to a point of lowest stored energy
Which means, for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases
Also that thermal energy cannot travel from a cold area to a warm area
And finally, in any closed system, the entropy of the system will either remain constant or increase, but never decreases
Zeroth law of themodynamics
If two separate systems both have the same amount of energy as a third system, then all three they have the same amount of energy
First law of thermodynamics
The increase in internal energy of a closed system is equal to the difference of the heat supplied to the system and the work done by it: ΔU = Q - W
Which means that all energy is conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed, only transfered from one state to another
And by adding heat to the system, you either increase internal energy or you cause work to be done within the system
Transfer of mechanical energy into thermal energy
Natural product of mechanical energy
Some energy will always be lost through thermal energy in any exchange
Entropy
A thermodynamic function that increases with the number of energetically equivalent ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state
S=k*ln(W)
Work
The use of energy to create a force
Given in NewtonMeters, the product of force and displacement or the integral of Force as a function of displacement when graphed against eachother
W=F*Δs=∫F(Δs)
Third Law of Thermodynamics
As a system approaches absolute zero the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value and it is therefore impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations.
The entropy of a perfect crystal of an element in its most stable form tends to zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
Enthalpy
Sum of the internal energy to its pressure and volume
H=E+PV
Gibbs free energy
The maximum amount of system energy that can be obtained from a closed system at a constant temperature, pressure, and volume
ΔG= ΔH -T(ΔS)
Boltzman Equation
S=k*ln(W)
Gibbs free energy from battery potential (voltage)
ΔG=-nFE.cell
Hermoltz Free energy
The amount of energy in the system that will actually be used for work and not lost as heat in a system of constant temperature but change pressure or volume
A=U-T(S)
Gravitational energy
U=9.81mh
Mechanical energy
U=(m*v^2)/2
Elastic energy
U=(1/2)k(Δx)^2
k- is the elastic constant
Photon energy
U=h*λ
λ=wavelength
h= 6.626 × 10^-34
Thermal Energy
U=C(T)*T
T=Temperature
C(T)=specific heat capacity function (depends on T)
Electrical Energy
U=Pt
=[(q1q2)/r]/(4πε)
Where ε is the permeability constant of the material in question
Mass-energy equivalent
E=mc^2
Used to calculate mass from given energy
Faraday Constant
96,485
Energy density
Energy per unit of volume
