Energy

Question 1

BMR vs. BEE vs. REE/RMR vs. TEE

Answer 1

Basal metabolic rate - rigorous conditions, accurate basal metabolism per hour

BEE = BMR/24 hours

REE = less rigorous basal metabolism assessment (usually 10% higher than BEE)

TEE = total energy expenditure is all energy expended in 24 hours including activity

Question 2

EER definition

EER equation

Answer 2

average dietary intake to maintain energy balance in healthy individuals of given age, weight, height and physical activity level

above or below requirements causes change

EER = BMR x PAL

Question 3

Limitations of EER

Answer 3

1) can’t use reported energy intakes to determine adequacy in a group

2) energy intakes correlated with requirements → cannot determine prevalence of inadequacy by determining usual intake

3) risk of weight loss/weight gain

4) all food served may not be eaten

Question 4

PAL =

PAL catgories

MET

Answer 4

PAL = TEE/BEE

Inactive = 1 ≤ PAL < 1.53 ADLs
Low active = 1.53 ≤ PAL < 1.68 → more intense ADLs
- 1.6-1.7 recommended
Active = 1.68 ≤ PAL < 1.85 → recreational exercise
Very active = 1.85 ≤ PAL < 2.50 → regular vigorous exercise

MET = metabolic equivalents - level of energy expenditure during performance of an activity
- used to set PAL
- values go 1-12

Question 5

AMDR

Answer 5

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges = adequate energy/nutrients and low risk of chronic disease

Fat: 20-35% (higher when younger, lower when older)
CHO: 45-65% (same for all)
Protein: 10-35% (lower when younger and higher when older)

Question 6

Dietary guidelines

Answer 6

1) Healthy plate

2) Chronic disease reduction
- <10% kcal from saturated fat, < 10% added sugars, < 2300 mg Na per day

3) Skills: food prep skills required and use of nutrition labels

• Semi-quantitative quantities expressed as food groups
• setting recommendations to achieve behavioral change (ex. setting fat recommendations lower than 30% to achieve no more than 30% intake)
• includes tenets of: Adequacy, Moderation, Variety and Balance