Protein, Fats, CHO, Fiber, Water, Vitamins

Question 1

Indispensable amino acids mneumonic:

Dispensable AA mnemonic:

Answer 1

His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, The, Trp, Val

Ala, Asp, Asn, Glu, Ser

Question 2

Conditionally indispensable AA and precursors:

Answer 2

Arg (gln, glu, asp)
Cys (met, ser)
- higher needs in cystic fibrosis or conditions with oxidative stress as Cys required for glutathione production

Gly (glu, NH3)
Gly supplementation for collagen in osteoarthritis

Gln (ser, choline)
Pro (glu)
Tyr (Phe)

Question 3

Free AA pool feeds into

Answer 3

excretion, oxidation, non-protein synthesis, tissue protein synthesis

Question 4

EFA requirements

Answer 4

AI for n-6 and n-3 families established based on highest median intakes in US populations where there was no evidence of deficiency

men’s higher req based on body size, and decreased food intake for elderly

More mead made when EFA are deficient which is similar to arachidonic but can’t make prostaglandins
- Happens due to competition for desaturase enzyme

Question 5

DRI CHO

Answer 5

EAR = 100g/day men and women
RDA = 130g/day men and women

DRIs based on fasting studies and brain requirements (main user of glucose, only CHO-dependent organ)

glucose prod of overnight fasted adult = 2.8-3.6 g/kg/day
- 50/50% gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

No UL

Question 6

Fiber DRI

Answer 6

AI based on strong data correlation between CVD risk and dietary fiber
- AI because the benefits are continuous across a range of intakes → cannot set EAR
- The value within each gender was set for all ages at the highest median intake of any of the age groups plus an allowance of 3-4g of resistant starch

38-30g/day men, 25-21g/day women

Question 7

Water DRI

Answer 7

AI set to prevent negative, acute effects of dehydration (which leads to metabolic/functional abnormalities)

but no one intake level can be set - too variable with individuals and conditions

No AI for active adults