Energy Flashcards
What does photosynthesis do in terms of energy?
Turn light energy into chemical energy
What is free energy?
the amount of available energy that every organism needs a constant supply of
What do autotrophs do?
make their own food
Why do organisms need a constant supply of free energy?
- Maintain complexity
- Growth
- Reproduction
What would happen if an organism didn’t have free energy?
Organism wouldn’t function, not enough energy to acquire food, leads to death
How is complexity maintained?
- Coupling unfavorable +ΔG reactions with favorable -ΔG reactions that provide energy
- In the -ΔG reaction, the phosphate is broken off ATP, making ADP and releasing free energy to do +ΔG
Have to do ___ to get energy needed for ___
-ΔG , +ΔG
Stages of Cell Respiration
1) Glycolysis, (then pyruvate oxidation)
2) Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
3) Oxidative Phosphorylation (ETC)
Explain Glycolysis:
- Occurs in the cytoplasm
- Outside of the cell
- Breaking of glucose into two molecules of a 3-carbon compound (pyruvates)
- Purpose is to supply the ETC with electrons
Explain the Citric Acid Cycle:
- Occurs in the mitochondria
- Completes breakdown of glucose by decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide
- Cell makes a SMALL amount of ATP during the first two stages
- Purpose: supply the ETC with electrons
Explain Oxidative Phosphorylation:
- ETC
- NADH & FADH2 shuttle electrons to the ETC
- Occurs embedded in the inner mitochondria membrane
- Most ATP produced is from this stage
Cell respiration equation
Glucose + 6O2 ——-> 6H20 + 6CO2 + 36 ATP
Why is having the ETC in the inter mitochondrial membrane an advantage?
- You can fit many ETC’s
- Two compartments = pump protons that will come back through to make ATP, if no other compartment, they would just leave
Where is the Krebs cycle?
matrix of the mitochondria
What does glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and krebs have in common?
They all put the original energy from glucose into coenzymes (All NADH, krebs also puts into FADH2)
