Cells Pt 2 Flashcards
Controlled variable
variables that could affect the results but you don’t want them to
Negative controls
- no response
- Experimental result is due to the treatment (change in independent variable)
- proves that nothing else will affect the experiment
Experimental Controls
differences in data allow them to be attributed exclusively to the independent variable
- skeptic is satisfied
- control group is a comparison to see if results are real
- provide a baseline value to which experimental values can be compared
Positive Controls
- a known response/ validates the experimental set up by demonstrating that all components are working
How many controlled variables can you have?
No limit
Paper Plane Analogy
- paper = substrate
- hands = enzyme (helps fold)
- airplane = product
The Unperturbed by X Control
A negative control where everything that the test subjects are treated with are given to the control group, except for the component being studied
What are biochemical reactions?
small steps so that as much energy is released as possible
What type of inhibitors are more effective?
Non competitive are more effective because the products or inhibitors don’t have to compete for a spot where the substrates go
Saturated
When an enzyme is readily forming products and is filled by a substrate
Negative Feedback
product blocks first enzyme or allosteric site (inhibitor)
Why are cells small?
- Diffusion occurs so oxygen gets in and carbon dioxide move out the same way
- materials move shorter distances
- fit all components of a cell
Prokaryotic
- no nucleus
- lack most internal structures
- no internal membrane
- bacteria
- archae
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have:
- DNA
- Cell membrane
- Cytosol
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
Eurkaryotic
- have a nucleus
- really large
- “alive”
- organelles
