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History of medicine > Endoscopy > Flashcards

Endoscopy Flashcards

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1
Q

Whats cheirourgia?

A

cheir= hand & ergon= work - surgery

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2
Q

What are the struggles of surgery?

A

bleeding, pain, infection and death

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3
Q

What are three factors that surgery contain?

A

Science, handicraft and art

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4
Q

Whats the problem of pre-modern phase surgery contain?

A

-lack of anatomical knowledge

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5
Q

What caused surgery to develop?

A

Wars

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6
Q

What are features of modern surgery?

A
  • easy accessibility to information
  • evidence based learning
  • use of science efficiently (Ct, MRI)
  • high degree of specialization
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7
Q

What is an endoscopy used for?

A

To look at body cavities for visual evidence

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8
Q

What type of endoscopes are there?

A

rigid and flexible

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9
Q

True or false- endoscopy doesnt need anethesia

A

true

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10
Q

Where can you insert an endoscope?

A

mouth, anus or incision

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11
Q

What are 4 figures who played a role in the creation of an endoscope?

A
  • hippocrates
  • phillip bozini
  • Adolf kussmaul
  • Rudolph schnidler
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12
Q

What is the role of hippocrates on the endoscope?

A

400 BC- anus via speclum

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13
Q

What is the role of Philip bozzini on the endoscope?

A

1800- first endoscope for urethra, bladder and vagina

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14
Q

What is the role of Adolf kussmaul on the endoscope?

A

1800- first gastroscopy

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15
Q

What is the role of rudolph schnidler on the endoscope?

A

1900- made a gastroscope

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16
Q

Whats a laparoscope?

A

endoscope that needs abdomen to be filled with CO2- used for dissection

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17
Q

What is the best thing of laparoscopic surgery?

A
  • small incision
  • reduce: infection, blood loss + post op pain
  • improved cosmetic
  • return home quicker
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18
Q

True or false- robot surgery means robots do it

A

false- humans control robot

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19
Q

When was first robot surgery prototype?

A

1980 - US army

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20
Q

What are 4 figures who played a role in the discovery of blood transfusion?

A
  • pope innocent the 7th
  • richard lower
  • james blundell
  • karl landsteiner
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21
Q

What is the role of pope innocent the 7th on blood transfusion?

A

1300- drank blood

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22
Q

What is the role of richard lower on blood transfusion?

A

1500- animal + human blood transfusion

23
Q

What is the role of james blundell the 7th on blood transfusion?

A

1800- human - human

24
Q

What is the role of karl landsteiner the 7th on blood transfusion?

A

1900- found blood groups

25
Q

What is the barrier of organ transplantation?

A

death

26
Q

What was the first transplant?

A

Teeth- they used shells in S.A then teeth caused syphillis though in france.

27
Q

Where was the skin transplant first?

A

India- rhinoplasty- then rejected due to social status- then adapted by tagliacozzi (italy)

28
Q

What was the transplants of 1800 on animal?

A

Corneal

29
Q

What was the transplants of 1800 on humans?

A

Skin- which wasnt successful. Doctors didnt care.

30
Q

When was the first kidney transplant?

A

1900- between twins

31
Q

True or false- there were more organ transplants within 1900 but not heart

A

True

32
Q

Who made the first heart transplant?

A

1967- christian barnard

33
Q

True or false- 2016 was first kidney surgery in dubai

A

True

34
Q

True or false- First operation was the skull prolithic and neolithic

A

True

35
Q

What evidence was there of aztecs?

A

Splinters- broken legs + wood can be added

36
Q

Why was blood letting popular?

A

believed it cured inflamation, stroke etc

37
Q

True or false- to be a doctor in mesopotamia you needed to know 6000 demons

A

true!

38
Q

Did mesopotamia develop surgical technique?

A

scalpel and knives made

39
Q

Did mesopotamia have a code of ethics?

A

yes in code of hammurabi

40
Q

What did egypts have in their end of surgery?

A

manuals- Eber papyrus, edwin smith papyrus and smith papyrus

41
Q

What did eber papyrus had?

A

treaties on medicine, disease and surgical treatments of crocodile bites

42
Q

What did edwin smith papyrus had?

A

manual for traumatic surgery + 48 case histories

43
Q

What did smith papyrus had?

A

treatment for repairing broken nose and sutures to close wounds- infections treated with honey

44
Q

Who made plastic surgery?

A

Sashruta - practiced in north india

45
Q

What did sashruta write?

A

Sushruta Samhita- describes examination, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of ailments and procedures of plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery and rhinoplasty

46
Q

What did hippocrate introduce to surgery?

A

Hygiene- cleaning hand, short nails and tell between tumors

47
Q

What did hippocrate say against surgery?

A

surgery= death hasty

48
Q

What did Galen use for surgery?

A

ligature

49
Q

What is Chinese advancement to surgery?

A

Use bronze tools

50
Q

Who was the first chinese surgeon to use anesthetic?

A

Hua Toa- 140 BC

51
Q

Who in chinese history made a transplant before them all?

A

Bian que (even used anesthetic)

52
Q

What did medieval contribute to surgery?

A

barbers did it- leeches were used so blood isnt lost. Physicians usually worked in universities.

53
Q

Who introduced antiseptic in 1800?

A

Ignaz semmelweis (hand washing)

54
Q

What did joseph lister do?

A

looked at pasteur work-
Pasteur said 3 methods to eliminate microorganisms responsible for gangrene:
1. Filtration
2. Exposure to heat
3. Exposure to chemical substances
So he went with 3rd and used carboxylic acid

History of medicine (7 decks)

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