Endoscopy Flashcards
Whats cheirourgia?
cheir= hand & ergon= work - surgery
What are the struggles of surgery?
bleeding, pain, infection and death
What are three factors that surgery contain?
Science, handicraft and art
Whats the problem of pre-modern phase surgery contain?
-lack of anatomical knowledge
What caused surgery to develop?
Wars
What are features of modern surgery?
- easy accessibility to information
- evidence based learning
- use of science efficiently (Ct, MRI)
- high degree of specialization
What is an endoscopy used for?
To look at body cavities for visual evidence
What type of endoscopes are there?
rigid and flexible
True or false- endoscopy doesnt need anethesia
true
Where can you insert an endoscope?
mouth, anus or incision
What are 4 figures who played a role in the creation of an endoscope?
- hippocrates
- phillip bozini
- Adolf kussmaul
- Rudolph schnidler
What is the role of hippocrates on the endoscope?
400 BC- anus via speclum
What is the role of Philip bozzini on the endoscope?
1800- first endoscope for urethra, bladder and vagina
What is the role of Adolf kussmaul on the endoscope?
1800- first gastroscopy
What is the role of rudolph schnidler on the endoscope?
1900- made a gastroscope
Whats a laparoscope?
endoscope that needs abdomen to be filled with CO2- used for dissection
What is the best thing of laparoscopic surgery?
- small incision
- reduce: infection, blood loss + post op pain
- improved cosmetic
- return home quicker
True or false- robot surgery means robots do it
false- humans control robot
When was first robot surgery prototype?
1980 - US army
What are 4 figures who played a role in the discovery of blood transfusion?
- pope innocent the 7th
- richard lower
- james blundell
- karl landsteiner
What is the role of pope innocent the 7th on blood transfusion?
1300- drank blood
What is the role of richard lower on blood transfusion?
1500- animal + human blood transfusion
What is the role of james blundell the 7th on blood transfusion?
1800- human - human
What is the role of karl landsteiner the 7th on blood transfusion?
1900- found blood groups
What is the barrier of organ transplantation?
death
What was the first transplant?
Teeth- they used shells in S.A then teeth caused syphillis though in france.
Where was the skin transplant first?
India- rhinoplasty- then rejected due to social status- then adapted by tagliacozzi (italy)
What was the transplants of 1800 on animal?
Corneal
What was the transplants of 1800 on humans?
Skin- which wasnt successful. Doctors didnt care.
When was the first kidney transplant?
1900- between twins
True or false- there were more organ transplants within 1900 but not heart
True
Who made the first heart transplant?
1967- christian barnard
True or false- 2016 was first kidney surgery in dubai
True
True or false- First operation was the skull prolithic and neolithic
True
What evidence was there of aztecs?
Splinters- broken legs + wood can be added
Why was blood letting popular?
believed it cured inflamation, stroke etc
True or false- to be a doctor in mesopotamia you needed to know 6000 demons
true!
Did mesopotamia develop surgical technique?
scalpel and knives made
Did mesopotamia have a code of ethics?
yes in code of hammurabi
What did egypts have in their end of surgery?
manuals- Eber papyrus, edwin smith papyrus and smith papyrus
What did eber papyrus had?
treaties on medicine, disease and surgical treatments of crocodile bites
What did edwin smith papyrus had?
manual for traumatic surgery + 48 case histories
What did smith papyrus had?
treatment for repairing broken nose and sutures to close wounds- infections treated with honey
Who made plastic surgery?
Sashruta - practiced in north india
What did sashruta write?
Sushruta Samhita- describes examination, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of ailments and procedures of plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery and rhinoplasty
What did hippocrate introduce to surgery?
Hygiene- cleaning hand, short nails and tell between tumors
What did hippocrate say against surgery?
surgery= death hasty
What did Galen use for surgery?
ligature
What is Chinese advancement to surgery?
Use bronze tools
Who was the first chinese surgeon to use anesthetic?
Hua Toa- 140 BC
Who in chinese history made a transplant before them all?
Bian que (even used anesthetic)
What did medieval contribute to surgery?
barbers did it- leeches were used so blood isnt lost. Physicians usually worked in universities.
Who introduced antiseptic in 1800?
Ignaz semmelweis (hand washing)
What did joseph lister do?
looked at pasteur work-
Pasteur said 3 methods to eliminate microorganisms responsible for gangrene:
1. Filtration
2. Exposure to heat
3. Exposure to chemical substances
So he went with 3rd and used carboxylic acid
