Endometrial cancer Flashcards
Which is the most common gynaecological cancer in the UK?
endometrial cancer
List three aspects of presentation of endometrial cancer
postmenopausal bleeding
post coital bleeding
intermenstrual bleeding
altered menstrual pattern
persistent vaginal discharge
List three types of endometrial cancers
adenocarcinoma
sarcoma
uterine carcinosarcoma
Which is the most common endometrial cancer?
adenocarcinoma
What are the two types of adenocarcinoma?
Type 1- oestrogen excess
Type 2- not oestrogen excess
What is the most common type of adenocarinoma?
endometrioid
What is the origin of endometrial sarcoma?
derived from muscular layer
What is the most common type of sarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
What is the pre-cancerous condition associated with endometrial
simple, complex, atypical hyperplasia
List two modifiable risk factors for endometrial caner
obesity
physical inactivity
HRT
List two non modifiable risk factors for endometrial cancer?
diabetes
genetics
longer menstrual lifespan
nulliparity
Name one drug that increases risk of endometrial cancer
tamoxifen
unopposed estrogen exposure
anti oestrogenic effects in breast and ovarian tissue but pro oestrogenic effect in endometrium
Mutations in which genes are associated with HNPCC?
MLH1 MSH2 MSH6 PMS2
Which syndrome is associated with a high risk of endometrial cancer
Lynch II syndrome
List two methods to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer
reduce BMI
avoid diabetes
Parity
COCP use
List two investigations for endometrial cancer
transvaginal scan
MRI
CT/PET CT
Biopsy- pipelle and hysteroscopy biopsies
What is seen on USS in endometrial cancer?
endometrial thickness
What are the indications for endometrial biopsy?
endometrial thickness >3mm in non-HRT
>5mm HRT users
tamoxifen used
Treatment for which condition can be a risk factor for endometrial cancer?
breast cancer- tamoxifen treatment
