Endogenic Process & Metamorphism Flashcards
It is the inclusion of the rock layers forming the earth’s crust
Intrusion
Molten material in the form of lava that undergoes the process of crystallization on the natural terrestrial surface gives birth to rock formations known as __________
Volcanites
Interacts with the surrounding rock as the it moves toward the surface.
magma
High Temperature; High Pressure
Shock Metamorphism
As it moves upwards and cools down, magma becomes more viscous due to formation of _________ ____________ _____________.
silica tetrahedra chains
Partial melting happens due to the ___________ ______________ _________ of the minerals mixed into the mantle rocks.
different melting points
increases with depth as a result of the increased weight of overlying rock.
Pressure
Metamorphic Grade- low grade
Slate
refers to all sorts of igneous geologic activities taking place below Earth’s surface
Plutonism
Most Magmas near the core are entirely liquid because there is ___ _____ _____________for the atoms to bond together.
too much energy
Higher pressure led to higher
Melting points
Takes place tens of kilometers below the surface where temperatures and pressures are high enough to transform rock without melting it.
Metamorphism
Metamorphic reactions starts at __________ km from the surface
8-15 km
All sorts of geological activities correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material from the planet’s interior towards the natural terrestrial surface.
Volcanism
Geological process that was formed, originated, and located below the surface of the earth
Endogenic Process
Diagenesis + Lithification + Cementation. Low temperature; Low Pressure
Burial Metamorphism
When the process of crystallization takes place inside the crust, the magmatic rocks produced are called ________
Plutonites
Results in intense alteration of the mineralogy and texture of rocks, usually to the point where original sedimentary structures are destroyed.
Regional Metamorphism
Type of pressure that is same in all directions and makes the rocks to fracture or deform.
Vertical Stress/ Confining Pressure
Metamorphic Grade- Moderate Grade
Schist
Usually occurs where high temperatures are restricted to a small area, generally around the margins of an igneous intrusion. Places where Geothermal gradients are high.
Contact Metamorphism
General term for describing the relative temperature and pressure conditions under which metamorphic rocks form.
Metamorphic Grade
This happens because the rock is being moved toward the surface, either at a mantle plume
Decompression Melting
Formed under certain circumstances in special location deep in the crust or in the upper mantle.
Magma
Dominant at convergent boundaries where plates move towards each other and collide thus exerting force and cause rocks to deform.
Directed/Differential Pressure
The stress or pressure exerted on the rock by the weight of overlying material.
Vertical stress/ Confining Pressure
Causes the formation of volcanoes when the gas pressure is strong enough and there are cracks in the earth’s crust.
Magma Extrusion
Process of mineral assemblage that results from the physical-chemical changes of solid rocks caused by factors such as crust movement, magma activity, or thermal fluid change in the earth.
Metamorphism
Metamorphic Grade- Original Rock
Protolith (Shale)
It is an eruption of magmatic materials that causes land formation on the surface of the Earth.
Extrusion
2 Most abundant elements in Magma Composition
Oxygen and Silicon
more silica content = ???
more viscous magma
Metamorphic Grade- High Grade
Gneiss
Occurs in mid ridges. High Temperature; Low Pressure
Hydrothermal Metamorphism
Factors Involved in Metamorphism
Temperature & Pressure
It happens if a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock, the melting temperature is reduced and partial melting starts.
Flux Melting
Magma forms from _________ _____________ of mantle rocks.
Partial melting
Takes place under high temperature and pressure conditions that may extend over large areas
Regional Metamorphism
Happens when magma that moves up into a volcano without erupting.
Intrusion
Involve geologic activities such as tectonic movements, metamorphism, seismic activities, and magmatism.
Endogenic Process
Also called as Cataclastic Metamorphism, resulting from the crushing and shearing of rock during tectonic movement, mostly along faults.
High Pressure Metamorphism
Plays a crucial role in metamorphism. Heat affect rock chemical composition, mineralogy, and texture.
Temperature
imposed by a force in a particular direction.
Directed/Differential Pressure
