Endogenic Process & Metamorphism Flashcards

1
Q

It is the inclusion of the rock layers forming the earth’s crust

A

Intrusion

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2
Q

Molten material in the form of lava that undergoes the process of crystallization on the natural terrestrial surface gives birth to rock formations known as __________

A

Volcanites

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3
Q

Interacts with the surrounding rock as the it moves toward the surface.

A

magma

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4
Q

High Temperature; High Pressure

A

Shock Metamorphism

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5
Q

As it moves upwards and cools down, magma becomes more viscous due to formation of _________ ____________ _____________.

A

silica tetrahedra chains

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6
Q

Partial melting happens due to the ___________ ______________ _________ of the minerals mixed into the mantle rocks.

A

different melting points

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7
Q

increases with depth as a result of the increased weight of overlying rock.

A

Pressure

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8
Q

Metamorphic Grade- low grade

A

Slate

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9
Q

refers to all sorts of igneous geologic activities taking place below Earth’s surface

A

Plutonism

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10
Q

Most Magmas near the core are entirely liquid because there is ___ _____ _____________for the atoms to bond together.

A

too much energy

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11
Q

Higher pressure led to higher

A

Melting points

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12
Q

Takes place tens of kilometers below the surface where temperatures and pressures are high enough to transform rock without melting it.

A

Metamorphism

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13
Q

Metamorphic reactions starts at __________ km from the surface

A

8-15 km

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14
Q

All sorts of geological activities correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material from the planet’s interior towards the natural terrestrial surface.

A

Volcanism

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15
Q

Geological process that was formed, originated, and located below the surface of the earth

A

Endogenic Process

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16
Q

Diagenesis + Lithification + Cementation. Low temperature; Low Pressure

A

Burial Metamorphism

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17
Q

When the process of crystallization takes place inside the crust, the magmatic rocks produced are called ________

A

Plutonites

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18
Q

Results in intense alteration of the mineralogy and texture of rocks, usually to the point where original sedimentary structures are destroyed.

A

Regional Metamorphism

19
Q

Type of pressure that is same in all directions and makes the rocks to fracture or deform.

A

Vertical Stress/ Confining Pressure

20
Q

Metamorphic Grade- Moderate Grade

A

Schist

21
Q

Usually occurs where high temperatures are restricted to a small area, generally around the margins of an igneous intrusion. Places where Geothermal gradients are high.

A

Contact Metamorphism

22
Q

General term for describing the relative temperature and pressure conditions under which metamorphic rocks form.

A

Metamorphic Grade

23
Q

This happens because the rock is being moved toward the surface, either at a mantle plume

A

Decompression Melting

24
Q

Formed under certain circumstances in special location deep in the crust or in the upper mantle.

A

Magma

25
Q

Dominant at convergent boundaries where plates move towards each other and collide thus exerting force and cause rocks to deform.

A

Directed/Differential Pressure

26
Q

The stress or pressure exerted on the rock by the weight of overlying material.

A

Vertical stress/ Confining Pressure

27
Q

Causes the formation of volcanoes when the gas pressure is strong enough and there are cracks in the earth’s crust.

A

Magma Extrusion

28
Q

Process of mineral assemblage that results from the physical-chemical changes of solid rocks caused by factors such as crust movement, magma activity, or thermal fluid change in the earth.

A

Metamorphism

29
Q

Metamorphic Grade- Original Rock

A

Protolith (Shale)

30
Q

It is an eruption of magmatic materials that causes land formation on the surface of the Earth.

A

Extrusion

31
Q

2 Most abundant elements in Magma Composition

A

Oxygen and Silicon

32
Q

more silica content = ???

A

more viscous magma

33
Q

Metamorphic Grade- High Grade

A

Gneiss

34
Q

Occurs in mid ridges. High Temperature; Low Pressure

A

Hydrothermal Metamorphism

35
Q

Factors Involved in Metamorphism

A

Temperature & Pressure

36
Q

It happens if a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock, the melting temperature is reduced and partial melting starts.

A

Flux Melting

37
Q

Magma forms from _________ _____________ of mantle rocks.

A

Partial melting

38
Q

Takes place under high temperature and pressure conditions that may extend over large areas

A

Regional Metamorphism

39
Q

Happens when magma that moves up into a volcano without erupting.

A

Intrusion

40
Q

Involve geologic activities such as tectonic movements, metamorphism, seismic activities, and magmatism.

A

Endogenic Process

41
Q

Also called as Cataclastic Metamorphism, resulting from the crushing and shearing of rock during tectonic movement, mostly along faults.

A

High Pressure Metamorphism

42
Q

Plays a crucial role in metamorphism. Heat affect rock chemical composition, mineralogy, and texture.

A

Temperature

43
Q

imposed by a force in a particular direction.

A

Directed/Differential Pressure