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MCB1 Block 3 > Endocytosis > Flashcards

Endocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is covering the macrophage surface?

A

Receptors

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2
Q

What are the 3 different types of endocytosis?

A
  1. Pinocytosis
  2. Phagocytosis
  3. receptor-mediated endocytosis
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3
Q

Pinocytosis spontaneously makes _____

A

vesicles

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4
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis have a protein ____ on membrane whose purpose is to what?

A

coat, to deform the membrane

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5
Q

What does receptor-mediated endocytosis create in order to engulf vesicle?

A

A protein coat to engulf vesicle

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6
Q

Which 2 endocytosis mechanisms are specific?

A

Phagocytosis & receptor-mediated endocytosis

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7
Q

Which endocytosis mechanisms need receptors?

A

Phagocytosis & receptor-mediated endocytosis

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8
Q

What changes in the cell during phagocytosis?

A

reorganization of the cytoskeleton

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9
Q

What are the 2 functions of endocytosis?

A

Bring material into cell

Recycle PM

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10
Q

All cells use what form of endocytosis?

A

pinocytosis

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11
Q

Pinocytosis is useful for bulk ___ ____

A

nutrient uptake

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12
Q

During pinocytosis there is no cop protein or reorganization of PM, but what is still needed when vesicle enters cell to guide it in?

A

motor protein walking on microtubule

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13
Q

What does phagocytosis consume?

A

large cells like bacteria and dying cells

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14
Q

Phagocytosis is ____ triggered but ____ independent

A

receptor, clathrin

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15
Q

What happens to the macrophage membrane when it engulfs another cell?

A

The membrane changes shape (reorganization of cytoskeleton) and starts to form around the cell it is engulfing

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16
Q

What is the first step in phagocytosis?

A

phagosyte binds to opsonins

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17
Q

What does the phagosome bind to when phagocytosis starts?

A

opsonins

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18
Q

When receptors on macrophage bind to bacteria, what happens to the membrane?

A

there is reorganization of the cytoskeleton - actin filaments grow and the membrane spreads around the bacteria until it fuses around the bacteria.

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19
Q

When does a macrophage become a phagosome?

A

after it engulfs a bacteria

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20
Q

When does a phagosome become a lysosome?

A

When the pH drops enough or when it fuses with a lysosome

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21
Q

How does the pH lower in a phagosome?

A

H-pump are constantly pumping out H and it is lowering the pH

22
Q

What is a primary lysosome?

A

brand new lysosome, hasn’t fused with anything yet

23
Q

What is a secondary lysosome?

A

a lysosome that is or has already digested things

24
Q

A phagolysosome will become what?

A

lysosome

25
Q

What might happen to a phagosome as its degraded?

A

It could end up with residual body as lipfuscin

26
Q

How does receptor-mediated endocytosis engulf?

A

They all bind to LDL. When receptors bind to LDL it triggers binding of COP proteins which deforms the membrane. No changes in actin, COP protein deforms the membrane.

27
Q

Where do receptors for receptor-mediated cluster?

A

lipid rafts

28
Q

In receptor-mediated endocytosis the cargo _____ binds to the cargo _____

A

protein, receptor

29
Q

After the receptor binds to the protein in receptor-mediated endocytosis what protein binds next?

A

adaptin

30
Q

What does adaptin bind to?

A

clathrin

31
Q

What is the purpose of clathrin?

A

it binds to adaptin and causes deformation in membrane

32
Q

As soon as the vesicle buds in receptor-mediated endocytosis what happens to the coat?

A

the clathrin coat disassembles

33
Q

Rab-GTPase initiates what?

A

docking of protein to target membrane, allows v-snare to interact with t-snare

34
Q

What’s the purpose of NSF/SNAP complex?

A

disassembles v-snare and t-snare so v-snare can be recycled

35
Q

What is the purpose of coating the membrane in clathrin?

A

to deform it and allow vesicle to enter cell

36
Q

What is the function of adaptins?

A

they control coated vesicle formation in receptor-mediated endocytosis

37
Q

Adaptins interact directly with ______ sorting signals

A

cytoplasmic

38
Q

What is the structure of clathrin?

A

triskelion

39
Q

What is a triskelion?

A

3 polypeptide chains form 3-legged structure

40
Q

how many triskelions form a lattice around the vesicle?

A

36

41
Q

What part of clathrin binds adaptin?

A

inner layer

42
Q

Once the cop protein disassembles on vesicle, what is going to interact?

A

Rab and v-snare and t-snares will interact

43
Q

What will an endosome become?

A

lysosome

44
Q

Vesicles form at trans golgi with M6P tag, what will bind around this receptor and bring it to lysosome

A

adaptin

45
Q

the longer an endosome exists, what happens to its pH?

A

it lowers

46
Q

Cholesterol is transported in blood as what?

A

LDL (cholesteryl esters)

47
Q

What is needed for membrane synthesis?

A

cholesterol

48
Q

When a vesicle fuses with endosome, what happens to LDL?

A

LDL disassociates from LDL-R

49
Q

As the pH lowers and endosome becomes lysosome, what happens to LDL?

A

LDL is hydrolysed to free cholesterol, can now e used to make new membranes

50
Q

What is caveolin?

A

another type of protein coat that can form, but it’s not well understood

51
Q

Where do caveolae form?

A

lipid rafts

52
Q

Contrast clathrin vs. caveolae

A

caveolae have spoked-coat morphology

MCB1 Block 3 (15 decks)

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