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MCB1 Block 3 > Cytoskeleton: Intermediate Filaments > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton: Intermediate Filaments Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cells need a lot of intermediate filaments?

A

Cells that are subject to a lot of stress and distortion

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2
Q

What is one of the protein subunits of IFs?

A

keratin

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3
Q

What are the 3 main functions of IFs?

A

Cell shape
anchoring nucleus & other organelles
forming nuclear lamina

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4
Q

What is the structure of IFs?

A

8 tetramers twisted together to form a rope like structure

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5
Q

IF is made of 8 ___

A

tetramers

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6
Q

A tetramer has no ____

A

polarity

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7
Q

Is ATP or GTP needed for IF subunit assembly?

A

Neither - it is thought phosphorylation controls it

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8
Q

What is the name of IF in nucleus?

A

nuclear lamins

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9
Q

Where do cytoplasmic IFs anchor?

A

cell-cell junctions, specifically in hemidesmosomes & desmosomes

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10
Q

What kind of cell are nuclear IFs expressed?

A

Any cell with a nucleus!

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11
Q

What kind of cell are vimentin-like IFs expressed?

A

mesenchymal origin (fibroblasts, endothelial cells)
muscle
glial cells
neurons

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12
Q

What kind of cell are epithelial IFs expressed?

A

epithelial cells & derivatives ie. hair and nails

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13
Q

What kind of cell are axonal IFs expressed?

A

neurons

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14
Q

How are IFs helpful in identifying where cancer originited?

A

Can tag with fluorescent antibodies - can see if cancer originated in epithelial, mesenchymal, or neuronal tissue based in IFs present

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15
Q

What is the result of defective keratin IFs?

A

tissues will rupture

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16
Q

In each layer of skin, there are different kinds of what?

A

IFs

17
Q

What happens if there is a defect in basal layer of keratin IFs in skin?

A

Any kind of friction or pressure will cause skin to peel. The epidermis will peel away from the dermis

18
Q

Key words: keratin 5 or 14, areas of mechanical friction, blisters ABOVE basal lamina are what disease?

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS)

19
Q

Characteristics: Fragile skin: minor mechanical friction/trauma → recurrent blister formation are what disease?

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS)

20
Q

What is the mechanism for EBS?

A

Rupture of keratin IFs in the epidermal basal layer connecting to basal lamina

21
Q

What does EBS stand for?

A

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

22
Q

What is the mode of inheritance for EBS?

A

AD

23
Q

Where is the defect for EBS?

A

Intermediate filaments - Keratin 5, 14 – basal layer (above basal lamina)

24
Q

What keratin are defected in EBS?

A

5, 14

25
Q

Key words: keratin 1 or 10, easy blistering, chronic wounding, hyperproliferation are what disease?

A

Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis (EH)

26
Q

EH stands for what?

A

Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis (EH)

27
Q

Characteristics: Red skin and blisters at birth are what disease?

A

Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis

28
Q

Where is defect in epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis?

A

Intermediate filaments - Keratin 1, 10 – suprabasal layer (spinous & granular layer of epidermis)

29
Q

What keratin are defected in EH?

A

1, 10

30
Q

What is the mechanism for EH?

A

Defect weakens structural stability of keratinocytes → easy blistering; chronic wounding → hyperproliferation and thickened scaly skin

31
Q

key words: keratin 9, palms and soles of feet only is what disease?

A

Epidermolytic Plantopalmar Keratoderm (EPPK)

32
Q

What does EPPK stand for?

A

Epidermolytic Plantopalmar Keratoderm (EPPK)

33
Q

Characteristics: Restricted to epidermis of palms and soles (only place keratin 9 is found) are what disease?

A

EPPK

34
Q

What keratin is defected in EPPK?

A

9

35
Q

What is the name of the muscle IF that helps line up myofibrils?

A

Desmin

36
Q

Where is the IF GFAP expressed?

A

Glial cells

MCB1 Block 3 (15 decks)

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