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MRCOG Part 1 > Endocrinology: Puberty > Flashcards

Endocrinology: Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

What three things determine male phenotype?

A
  1. SRY
  2. Testosterone (promotes Wolffian ducts)
  3. Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) - secreted by Sertoli cells
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2
Q

What is the chronological male development according to tanner stages:

A
  1. Testes enlarge
  2. Scrotum enlarge
  3. Penis enlarge
  4. Pubic hair develops
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3
Q

What is the chronological female development according to tanner stages:

A
  1. Increased growth velocity
  2. Breast (thelarche)
  3. Pubic hair (adrenarche)
  4. Axillary hair
  5. Menarche
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4
Q

What determines breast development?

A

Ovarian oestrogen

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5
Q

What hormone determines pubic hair development?

Same hormone - secreted from two different places

A

adrenal and ovarian androgens

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6
Q

What is the average age of menarche in African girls?

A

12.3 yrs

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7
Q

What is the average age of menarche in Western Caucasians?

A

12.8 yrs

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8
Q

Which two hormones are responsible for growth spurt in puberty?

A
  1. GH
  2. IGF
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9
Q

Which hormone is important for epihpyseal fusion?

A

Oestrogen

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10
Q

How many years later do growth spurts occur in males comapred to females?

A

2 years

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11
Q

What age is the peak of bone mineralisation peak in males?

A

17.5 years old

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12
Q

What age is the peak of bone mineralisation peak in females?

A

14-16 years old

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13
Q

What age is the peak of bone mineralisation peak in females?

A
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14
Q

What is the effect of increased GnRH pulse frequency on LH:FSH ratio during puberty?

A

Increased LH:FSH ratio

Also charachteristic of midcycle dynamics

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15
Q

What is the effect of continuous GnRH secretion on gonadotrophins?

A

Suppression

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16
Q

What time interval is GnRH secreted in?

A

90-120 minutes

17
Q

When do foetal LH and FSH peak?

A

Mid-gestation, then declines until term

18
Q

When does foetal GnRH peak?

A

Increases until mid gestation

19
Q

When is the ‘juvenile pause’ of gonadotrophin levels?

A

Aged 2-9 (low levels of gonadotrophin)

20
Q

What is the pattern of release of gonadotrophin in the peripubertal time?

A

Circadian

Increases in frequency and amplitude during early sleep

21
Q

What is the pattern of release of gonadotrophin in early puberty?

A

Peak LH and FSH occurs during the day

22
Q

What is the pattern of release of gonadotrophin in late puberty?

A
  • The peak of LH and FSH occurs all the time
  • Gonadotrophin diurnal rhythm is eliminated

MRCOG Part 1 (8 decks)

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