Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCOG Part 1 > Endocrinology: Pituitary Gland Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrinology: Pituitary Gland Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How many anterior pituitary hormones are there?

A

Six

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 6 anteiror pituitary hormones

A
  1. ACTH
  2. MSH
  3. GH
  4. Prolactin
  5. TSH
  6. Gonadotrophin (LH & FSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which two anteiror pituitary hormones are corticotrophin-related peptides?

A
  1. ACTH
  2. MSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which two anterior pituitary hormones are somatomammotrophin peptides?

A
  1. GH
  2. Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which two anterior pitutiary hormones are glycoproteins?

Two subunits - alpha and beta

A
  1. TSH
  2. Gonadotrophin (LH & FSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates FSH release?

A

GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which chromosome is the alpha subunit gene of FSH located on?

A

chromosome 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which chromosome is the beta subunit gene of FSH located on?

A

chromosome 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 functions of MSH?

A
  1. Stimulates maturation of germ cells
  2. In females - stimulates ovary to produce Graafian folliclel
  3. In males - induces sertoli cells to synthesise and secrete inhibin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which 6 conditions lead to elevated FSH levels?

A
  1. Premature menopause
  2. Reduced ovarian reserve
  3. Gonadal dysgenesis
  4. Castration
  5. Swyer’s syndrome
  6. CAH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are FSH receptors found?

A

ONLY in granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which chromosome is the alpha subunit gene of LH located on?

A

Chromosome 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which chromosome is the beta subunit gene of LH located on?

A

chromosome 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The alpha subunit of LH has 92 subunits and is identical to the alpha subunit of…

A
  1. TSH
  2. FSH
  3. hCG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three things does LH do in females?

A
  1. Triggers ovulation
  2. Prevents apoptosis of corpus luteum
  3. Stimulates oestrogen and progesterone production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does LH do in males?

A

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What 4 conditions lead to low LH levels?

A
  1. Kallmann’s syndrome
  2. Hypothalamic suppression
  3. Hypopituitarism
  4. Hyperprolactinaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

High levels of LH are due to…

6 conditions

A
  1. Premature menopause
  2. Gonadal dysgenesis
  3. Castration
  4. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
  5. Swyer’s syndrome
  6. CAH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does ovulation occur in relation to LH surge?

Biphasic

A

Ovulation:
* 36h after LH surge
* 16-26h after peak of LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What three things does LH surge cause?

A
  1. Prostaglandin production
  2. Progesterone secretion from corpus luteum
  3. Resumption of meiosis by oocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the half life of LH?

A

20 mins

22
Q

When do gonadotrophins reach a peak in infancy?

A
  • 20 weeks in foetal life
  • 1-2 months in infnancy
23
Q

When do LH and testosterone increase?

A

the first 3-6 months of life

24
Q

Where are LH receptors found?

A
  1. Granulosa cells
  2. Theca cells
25
Q

What type of hormone is prolactin?

199 amino acids

A

Peptide hormone

26
Q

Which hormones does prolactin have a similar structure to?

A
  1. GH
  2. Placental lactogen
27
Q

Where is the gene for prolactin located?

A

Chromosome 6

28
Q

Prolactin cycle is diurnal and ovulatory - what are the two functions?

A
  1. Lactogenesis
  2. Promotes breast development
29
Q

What does prolactin decrease the serum levels of?

2

A
  1. Oestrogen
  2. Testosterone
30
Q

Where is prolactin produced?

Four

A
  1. Decidua
  2. Breast
  3. Brain
  4. Immune system
31
Q

What are the physiological causes of hyperprolactinaemia

6

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Lactation
  3. Exercise
  4. Stress
  5. Sleep
  6. Hypoglycaemia
32
Q

What are the pharmacological causes of hyperprolactinaemia?

6

A
  1. TRH
  2. Oestrogen
  3. Dopamine antagoists
  4. MAOI
  5. Cimetidine
  6. Verapamil
33
Q

What are the pathological causes of hyperprolactinaemia?

7

A
  1. Pituitary tumour
  2. Chest wall lesions
  3. Spinal cord lesions
  4. Hypothyroidism
  5. Chronic renal failure
  6. Liver failure
  7. Stalk syndrome
34
Q

What is the pharmacological cause of hypoprolactinaemia?

A

Dopamine agonists

35
Q

What are the pathaological causes of hypoprolactinaemia?

A
  1. Sheehan’s syndrome
  2. Hypopituitarism
  3. Bulimia
36
Q

What molecule mediates the effects of GH?

A

IGF

37
Q

Where is the gene for GH located?

A

Chromosome 17

38
Q

What are the functions of GH?

A
  1. Mainly anabolic:
    - decrease protein catabolism
    - increase protein synthesis
  2. Lipolysis
  3. Anti-insulin actions
39
Q

What physiological factors cause raised GH?

A
  1. Sleep
  2. Stress
  3. Exercise
  4. Hypoglycaemia
40
Q

What pharmacological factors causes raised GH?

A
  1. GHRH
  2. Oestrogen
  3. Adrenergic agonist
  4. Dopamine agonist
41
Q

What pathological factors caused raised GH?

A
  1. Chronic renal failure
  2. Anorexia nervosa
42
Q

What physiological factors caused decreased GH?

A
  1. Hyperglycaemia
  2. Elevated free fatty acids
43
Q

What pharmacological factors caused decreased GH?

A
  1. Somatostatin
  2. Progesterone
  3. Glucocoritcoids
44
Q

What pathological factors causd decreased GH?

A
  • Obesity
45
Q

What stimulates release of ACTH?

A

Released in response to CRH from hypothalamus

46
Q

What immune cells can produce ACTH?

A
  1. T-cell
  2. B-cell
  3. Macrophage
47
Q

What is the function of ACTH?

A
  • stimulates production of steroids from the adrenals
48
Q

When is ACTH release highest?

A
  1. Morning - relased in circadian rhythm
49
Q

What is ACTH derived from?

A

Pre-opiomelanocortin (POMC)

50
Q

What are the byproducts of ACTH?

A
  1. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
  2. Endorphins
51
Q

Where is oxytocin stored?

nanopeptide - 9 amino acids

A
  • Posterior pituitary
52
Q

Which smooth muscle contraction is oxytocin involved in?

A
  1. Uterine muscle
  2. Myoepithelial cells surrounding breast alveoli (letdown reflex)

MRCOG Part 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions