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Excelsior A+P > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

__ hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids. Its release is triggered by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and inhibited by feedback inhibition of rising glucocorticoid levels.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

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2
Q

__ promotes milk production in humans. Its secretion is prompted by prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH).

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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3
Q

The neurohypophysis stores and releases two hypothalamic hormones __ and __ .

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

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4
Q

___ stimulates powerful uterine contractions, which trigger labor and delivery of an infant, and milk ejection in nursing women. It also appears to promote sexual arousal and nurturing.

A

Oxytocin

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5
Q

This hormone appears to promote sexual arousal and nurturing. Its release is mediated reflexively by the hypothalamus and represents a positive feedback mechanism.

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

__ hormone stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb and conserve water; as urine output declines, blood volume and blood pressure rise.

A

Antidiuretic

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7
Q

__ is released in response to high solute concentrations in the blood and inhibited by low solute concentrations in the blood

A

ADH

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8
Q

Hyposecretion of __ results in diabetes insipidus

A

ADH

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9
Q

__ stimulates sex cell production

A

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

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10
Q

__ stimulates gonadal hormone production

A

LH (luteinizing hormone)

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11
Q

the gonadotropins include __ and __

A

LH and FSH

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12
Q

__ promotes normal development and activity of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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13
Q

__ stimulates TSH

A

TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

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14
Q

__ stimulates growth of all body tissues, especially skeletal muscle and bone

A

GH (growth hormone)

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15
Q

Hypersecretion of __ causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

A

GH growth hormone

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16
Q

Hyposecretion of __ causes pituitary dwarfism in children

A

GH growth hormone

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17
Q

Hypersecretion of __ results in Graves’ disease

A

thyroid hormone

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18
Q

hyposecretion of __ causes cretinism in infants and myxedema in adults

A

thyroid hormone

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19
Q

__ depresses blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone matrix resorption and enhancing calcium deposit in bone

A

Calcitonin

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20
Q

__ hormone causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, intestine, and kidneys

A

parathyroid

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21
Q

Melatonin is the primary hormone of the __ gland

A

pineal

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22
Q

hypoactivity of the __ results in Addison’s disease

A

adrenal cortex

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23
Q

hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex can result in __, __ and/or __

A

aldosteronism, cushing’s disease, and/or masculinization

24
Q

Catcholamines include __ and __

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine

25
Q

The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland. T/F

A

True

26
Q

The endocrine portion of the pancreas releases both __ and __ to the blood, as well as pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin

A

insulin and glucagon

27
Q

Glucagon is released by __ cells of the __

A

alpha cells of the pancreas

28
Q

Glucagon stimulates the liver to release __ into the blood

A

glucose

29
Q

When blood sugar levels are low, the pancreas secretes __ to stimulate the liver to release glucose

A

glucagon

30
Q

Insulin is released by __ cells of the pancreas to increase glucose uptake and metabolism by most body cells

A

beta cells of the pancreas release insulin

31
Q

Hyposecretion of __ results in DM.

A

insulin

32
Q

Cardinal signs of __ include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

A

DM

33
Q

Polydipsia is

A

excessive thirst

34
Q

polyphagia is

A

excessive hunger

35
Q

The medical term for excessive hunger is poly__

A

polyphagia

36
Q

medical term for excessive thirst is poly__

A

polydipsia

37
Q

__ is secreted in the stomach and stimulates HCl production to regulate gastric juice

A

Gastrin

38
Q

__ is an intestinal hormone that stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic juice release

A

cholecystokinin (CCK)

39
Q

Secretin is a __ hormone (peptide/steroid)

A

secretin is a peptide hormone

40
Q

Secretin is released by the __ in response to __.

A

duodenum in response to food

41
Q

Secretin targets the __ , __ , and __ .

A

pancreas, liver, and stomach

42
Q

Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release __

A

bicarbonate-rich juices

43
Q

Secretin stimulates the liver to produce __

A

bile

44
Q

secretin stimulates the stomach to __

A

inhibit secretions

45
Q

Gastrin, secretin, serotonin, CCK, intestinal gastrin, and atrial natriuretic are all __ hormones

A

peptide

46
Q

Cholecalciferol (Vit D3) is a __ hormone

A

steroid

47
Q

In response to food, the stomach secretes __ to help contractions of the stomach

A

serotonin

48
Q

While gastrin stimulates the release of HCl, intestinal gastrin __ HCl secretion and gastrointestinal tract mobility

A

inhibits

49
Q

CCK is released by the __ in response to food.

A

duodenum

50
Q

__ is released by the duodenum in response to food. It causes the release of enzyme-rich juice in the pancreas, stimulates expulsion fo stored bile from the gallbladder, causes the sphincter of Oddi to relax

A

CCK cholecystokinin

51
Q

EPO erythropoietin is released by the kidney in response to __

A

hypoxia

52
Q

EPO is a __ hormone (glycoprotein/steroid/peptide)

A

glycoprotein

53
Q

EPO stimulates the __ to __

A

bone marrow to produce RBCs

54
Q

Stretching of the atria/rising BP causes release of __ hormone from the atria

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

55
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide targets the kidney to __, and the adrenal cortex to __

A

inhibit sodium ion resorption and renin release; inhibit aldosterone secretion

56
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes BP to __

A

decrease

Excelsior A+P (4 decks)

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