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Excelsior A+P > A+P practice test stuff > Flashcards

A+P practice test stuff Flashcards

Prepare for A+P test!!

1
Q

(Dehydration/Hydration) of amino acids will form a peptide bond

A

Dehydration

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2
Q

Dehydration synthesis causes nucleotides to form __ ___

A

nuclei acids

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3
Q

Aqueous solutions are most easily formed if the solute is in what condition?

A

polar

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4
Q

Decreasing temperature (increases/decreases) rate of chemical reaction

A

decreases

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5
Q

Chondrocytes are __ cells

A

cartilage

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6
Q

Osteo___ generate new bone matrix

A

osteoblasts

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7
Q

Osteo___ break down or remove bone matrix

A

osteoclasts

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8
Q

Osteo— are actual mature bone cesls that live in pockets of bone matrix

A

osteocytes

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9
Q

__ are blood vessels lie at the center of concentric layers of compact bone, nourishing cells

A

Haversian canals

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10
Q

a matrix structure called trabeculae is characteristic of ___ bone

A

spongy

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11
Q

The canaliculi of __ bone do not have blood vessels

A

spongy

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12
Q

bone marrow - containing blood vessels is a feature of __ bone

A

spongy

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13
Q

__ moves tropomyosin from the myosin binding site

A

Ca2+

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14
Q

Endurance activities like cycling or running rely on __ metabolism

A

aerobic

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15
Q

strength activities like weight lifting rely on __ metabolism

A

anaerobic

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16
Q

short, intense muscle activities like sprinting use __ and __ reserves

A

CP (creatine phosphate) and ATP

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17
Q

sutures of the skull are examples of what kind of joint?

A

fibrous synarthrosis

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18
Q

Sutures are an immovable joint or ___ whose connection is fibrous

A

synarthrosis

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19
Q

A __ is freely movable. Examples include elbow, hip, and sacroiliac joints

A

diarthrosis

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20
Q

A ___ is slightly moveable, like the connection between the tibia and fibula

A

amphiarthrosis

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21
Q

The cessation of __ synthesis causes rigor mortis

A

ATP

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22
Q

__ __ break down several hours after death, ending rigor mortis

A

muscle proteins

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23
Q

Overproduction of hormones by the parathyroid gland causes __ bones

A

weak

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24
Q

Growth hormone originates in the __ gland

A

pituitary

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25
Q

Intestinal absorption of calcium is influenced by __ from the kidneys

A

calcitrol

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26
Q

Lower extremity movement away from midline is called __

A

abduction

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27
Q

Which muscle extends the leg at the knee?

A

rectus femoris

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28
Q

high/low potassium in intracellular fluid

A

high

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29
Q

hypoventilation causes pH to rise/fall

A

fall

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30
Q

increased H ions causes pH to fall/rise

A

fall

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31
Q

hyperventilation causes high/low CO2

A

low

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32
Q

decreased bicarbonate ion causes high/low pH

A

low

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33
Q

oxygen deficiency brings on acidosis/alkalosis

A

acidosis

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34
Q

pH of blood needs to be constant to maintain function of __

A

proteins

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35
Q

upper respiratory tract is lined with __ __ epithelium

A

pseudostratified columnar

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36
Q

digestive tract is lined with __ __ epithelium

A

simple columnar

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37
Q

secretory portions of glands typically contain __ __ epithelium

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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38
Q

renal filtration membranes are composed of __ endothelium

A

fenestrated

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39
Q

__ is needed to stimulate most cells of the body to increase uptake of glucose

A

insulin

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40
Q

insulin is produced in the __

A

pancreas

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41
Q

glycogen is produced in the __

A

liver

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42
Q

which is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum

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43
Q

deepest inner layer of epidermis

A

stratum germinativum

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44
Q

“grainy layer” of epidermis

A

stratum granulosum

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45
Q

this occurs in areas of thick skin, where it covers the stratum granulosum

A

stratum lucidum

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46
Q

this method of passive transport depends on carrier proteins that change shape to allow movement from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration

A

facilitated transport

47
Q

cranial nerve associated with taste

A

glossopharyngeal

48
Q

cranial nerve associated with tongue movement

A

hypoglossal

49
Q

texture or “peppery” sensation, not taste, associated with this cranial nerve

A

trigeminal nerve

50
Q

this process allows those with near vision to see by contraction of ciliary muscles and rounding of the lenses

A

accomodation

51
Q

ciliary muscle relaxation causes the lenses to (round/flatten)

A

flatten

52
Q

ciliary muscle relaxation/lens flattening accomodates (near/far)-vision

A

far

53
Q

aldosterone is (inhibited, stimulated) by Addison’s disease

A

inhibited

54
Q

ADH is (inhibited, stimulated) by alcohol consumption

A

inhibited

55
Q

decreased blood calcium stimulates release of ___

A

parathyroid hormone

56
Q

somatic afferent fibers in the __ nerve tract transmit impulses to the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the cenral nervous system

A

spinothalamic nerve tract

57
Q

name the nonvascular, transparent coat that covers the iris

A

cornea

58
Q

name the eye opening at the center of the iris

A

pupil

59
Q

innermost part of the eye, pigmented with small blood vessels

A

retina

60
Q

white part of the eye with small blood vessels

A

sclera

61
Q

damage to which part of the brain will result in resting tremor, reduced ability to initiate movement and decreased dopamine levels?

A

substantia nigra

62
Q

this part of the ear is responsible for perceiving head position relative to gravity

A

otoliths

63
Q

spatial localization is provided by the ____ of the outer ear and the orientation of the ear canal

A

auricles

64
Q

__ ducts receive messages about eye movement

A

semicircular

65
Q

changes in sound intensity are indicated by how many __ cells are stimulated

A

hair

66
Q

autonomic ganglia are collections of visceral __ neurons

A

motor

67
Q

sensory neurons form __ sensory __

A

peripheral sensory ganglia

68
Q

interneurons do/do not synapse in ganglions

A

do not

69
Q

heroin relieves pain by mimicking the activity of which nt?

A

endorphins

70
Q

cocaine and LSD mimic the activity of __ like dopamine and epinephrine

A

catecholamines

71
Q

alcohol and certain antianxiety drugs can be said to mimic the action of __

A

GABA

72
Q

ADH targets which organ

A

kidney

73
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by which gland?

A

pituitary

74
Q

adrenal gland secretes __, __, and __

A

epinephrine, corticosterone, and aldosterone

75
Q

parathyroid secretes __

A

parathormone

76
Q

thyroid secretes __, __, and __

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

77
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH leads to

A

stimulation of adrenal cortex, releasing glucocorticoids

78
Q

TSH stimulates release of ___

A

thyroxine (T4)

79
Q

cortisone stimulates/inhibits production of ACTH

A

inhibits

80
Q

aldosterone is secreted in response to drop/rise in BP or blood volume

A

drop in BP stim secretion of aldosterone

81
Q

__ speeds glucose synthesis and is anti-inflammatory

A

cortisol/hydrocortisone

82
Q

T3 (thyroid hormone) stim/inhibits metabolism

A

stimulates

83
Q

Prolactin stimulates production of __

A

milk

84
Q

erythropoietin stimulates production of __

A

RBCs

85
Q

this part of the brain produces releasing hormones that control the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

86
Q

the __ membrane collects vibrations transmits them to the oval window for amplification

A

tympanic

87
Q

when intensity decreases to almost nothing and the sound fades away

A

attenuation

88
Q

major source of fructose secretions used by sperm cells for energy

A

seminal vesicles

89
Q

the __ glands secrete thick mucus that neutralizes urine acidity and lubricates the tip of the penis

A

bulbourethral

90
Q

endometrium reaches peak thickness toward the end of the __ phase

A

secretory

91
Q

ovulation occurs at the end of the __ phase

A

proliferative

92
Q

The __ is the ruptured follicle resulting from ovulation

A

corpus luteum

93
Q

the implantation site is the endometrium of the __

A

uterus

94
Q

this hormone stimulates parturition

A

oxytocin

95
Q

__ stimulates uterine contractions that increase in force and frequency as labor progresses toward parturition

A

oxytocin

96
Q

__ inhibits uterine contractions

A

progesterone

97
Q

__ stimulates milk production and letdown

A

prolactin

98
Q

_ alows pelvic expansion, cervical dilation, delays contractions

A

relaxin

99
Q

these cells of the testes produce testosterone

A

interstitial cells

100
Q

the __ stores spermatazoa

A

epidydimus

101
Q

sustentacular cells secrete ___-binding protein that increases testosterone concentration

A

androgen

102
Q

In oogenesis, meiosis I is completed

A

at puberty

103
Q

(oogenesis) Meiosis II is complete if __ occurs

A

fertilization

104
Q

Main function of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) during first trimester is

A

stimulate release of hormones from the corpus luteum

105
Q

__ __ __ prepares the mammary glands for lactation during the first trimester

A

hPL human placental lactogen

106
Q

the __ produces hCG

A

placenta

107
Q

if body fluid osmolarity exceeds normal levels, there will be increased levels of __

A

ADH

108
Q

afferent arteriolar vasodilation increases/decreases glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

increases

109
Q

the renal papillae discharge directly into a __ __

A

minor calyx

110
Q

a __ __ is the merger of four or five minor calyces

A

major calyx

111
Q

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus comprise the renal __

A

corpuscle

112
Q

increased __ production causes increased retention or absorption of sodium

A

renin

113
Q

the urinary bladder is lined with __ __

A

transitional epithelium

Excelsior A+P (4 decks)

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