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Excelsior A+P > A+P Intro > Flashcards

A+P Intro Flashcards

To prepare for ECE by the end of January

1
Q

anatomical term for “towards the head/superior”

A

cephalic

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2
Q

anatomical term for “towards the tail/inferior”

A

caudal

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3
Q

anatomical term for back or posterior

A

Dorsal

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4
Q

anatomical term for front or anterior

A

Ventral

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5
Q

Toward the middle

A

medial

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6
Q

away from the midline

A

lateral

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7
Q

anatomical term for between

A

intermediate

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8
Q

The plane that cuts a person in top half and bottom half

A

transverse

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9
Q

the plane that cuts a person into left half and right half

A

sagittal plane

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10
Q

the plane that cuts a person into front and back halves

A

Coronal plane

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11
Q

Collection of organs working together in common function

A

organ system

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12
Q

These connect bone to one another

A

ligaments

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13
Q

These cushion space between bones, allowing for smooth movements

A

cartilage

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14
Q

These connect muscles to bones

A

tendons

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15
Q

The alimentary canal refers to the _ system

A

digestive

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16
Q

_ breaks down into fatty acids and cholesterol

A

fats

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17
Q

enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth

A

salivary amylase

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18
Q

this organ produces bile

A

liver

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19
Q

bile aids in _ digestion and absorption

A

fat

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20
Q

this organ stores bile

A

gallbladder

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21
Q

this organ reabsorbs excess water

A

large intestine

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22
Q

The formed elements of blood include

A

RBCs, WBCs, platelets

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23
Q

stop bleeding = ___-stasis

A

hemostasis

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24
Q

blood cells form in __ __ __

A

red bone marrow

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25
Q

__ system transports absorbed fats to the body cells from digestive system

A

lymphatic system

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26
Q

lymphocytes mature within red bone marrow and the ___

A

thymus

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27
Q

secondary lymphoid organs trap __

A

antigens

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28
Q

house lymphocytes and macrophages

A

lymph nodes

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29
Q

houses lymphocytes, cells here remove debris from blood

A

spleen

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30
Q

lobed structure where lymphocytes mature

A

thymus

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31
Q

a phalanx is a

A

digit/toe/finger

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32
Q

these glands maintain softness and hydrophobicity of hair and skin

A

sebaceous glands

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33
Q

these glands moisten skin during fear, pain, sexual arousal, emotional upset

A

apocrine glands

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34
Q

these glands secrete sweat

A

merocrine or eccrine glands

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35
Q

these are the most prevalent gland

A

merocrine or eccrine glands

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36
Q

articulations are also called

A

joints

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37
Q

articulations are stabilized by these elastic structures

A

ligaments

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38
Q

this lines articulations, evenly distributes forces, protects bones

A

cartilage

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39
Q

blood cell production

A

hematopoiesis/hemopoiesis

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40
Q

ACL stands for

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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41
Q

PCL stands for

A

posterior cruciate ligament

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42
Q

Pennate and convergent muscle fibers attach to __

A

tendons

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43
Q

functional unit within each muscular fiber

A

sarcomere

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44
Q

the thicker, darker protein created a striated appearance of muscles

A

myosin

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45
Q

site where nerve meets muscle

A

neuromuscular junction

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46
Q

these 2 muscle types are involuntary

A

smooth and cardiac

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47
Q

this muscle type is non-striated, uninucleate, involuntary

A

smooth muscle

48
Q

This muscle type has no sarcomere

A

smooth muscle

49
Q

This muscle type is uni-nucleate and striated

A

cardiac

50
Q

This muscle type is multi-nucleate

A

skeletal

51
Q

master gland, controls release of hormone from other endocrine organs

A

pituitary

52
Q

secretes melatonin

A

pineal gland

53
Q

regulates calcium and metabolism

A

thyroid

54
Q

secretes insulin and glucagon

A

pancreas

55
Q

controls hunger, thirst, sleep via control of pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

56
Q

In response to low BG, pancreas synthesizes and secretes __

A

glucagon

57
Q

Glucagon causes liver to convert polymerized sugar glycogen into glucose

A

glycogenolysis

58
Q

in response to high BG, pancreas secretes _

A

insulin

59
Q

Insulin causes polymerization of glycogen from glucose in _

A

glycogenesis

60
Q

In response to elevated blood calcium levels, throid releases _

A

calcitonin

61
Q

Calcitonin (increases/decreases) blood calcium levels

A

decreases

62
Q

parathyroid hormone _ blood calcium levels

A

increases

63
Q

synovial or _ cavities

A

joint

64
Q

mental

A

chin

65
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

66
Q

gross anatomy

A

macroscopic - can be seen with naked eye

67
Q

histology is the study of

A

tissues

68
Q

cytology is the study of

A

cells

69
Q

the simplest level of organization

A

chemical

70
Q

the __ body cavity houses the central nervous system

A

dorsal

71
Q

the __ body cavity is divided into the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

A

dorsal

72
Q

The ___ serosa covers internal organs

A

visceral

73
Q

The __ serosa lines the cavity walls

A

parietal

74
Q

The ability to detect changes in the internal or external environment and respond to them

A

responsiveness/irritability

75
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

76
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

77
Q

antecubital

A

elbow

78
Q

carpal

A

wrist

79
Q

pollex

A

thumb

80
Q

coxal

A

hip

81
Q

crural

A

leg

82
Q

hallux

A

big toe

83
Q

The axial division of the body contains:

A

head, neck, trunk

84
Q

Appendicular division of the body includes the __

A

limbs

85
Q

otic

A

ear

86
Q

olecranal

A

back of elbow

87
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

88
Q

sural

A

calf

89
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

90
Q

Ventral body cavities divide into these two cavities:

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

91
Q

thoracic cavity contains two major organs

A

heart and lungs

92
Q

pelvic cavity contains (3)

A

rectum, bladder, reproductive organs

93
Q

mediastinum contains the _ cavity

A

pericardial

94
Q

abdominal cavity contains

A

stomach, spleen, liver, intestines

95
Q

Right hypochondriac region contains (2)

A

liver, gallbladder

96
Q

Right iliac region contains

A

appendix

97
Q

Hypogastric region contains

A

bladder

98
Q

Integumentary system

A

skin, hair, nails

99
Q

this body system is responsible for synthesizing vitamin D

A

integumentary

100
Q

hypothalamus stimulates __ to release ADH

A

pituitary gland

101
Q

thrombocytes are

A

platelets

102
Q

dark blood carries (more/less) oxygen

A

less

103
Q

blood is slightly (acidic/alkaline)

A

alkaline

104
Q

Blood makes up about __ % total body weight

A

8%

105
Q

Define hematocrit

A

the percentage of a sample that is RBCs

106
Q

Normal hematocrit

A

45%

107
Q

Plasma is _% of whole blood

A

55%

108
Q

Plasma is _ % water

A

90%

109
Q

T/F, red blood cells have no nucleus

A

true

110
Q

term for WBCs

A

leukocytes

111
Q

Most common blood type

A

O

112
Q

Least common blood type

A

AB

113
Q

Most Americans are Rh (+/-)

A

+

114
Q

The heart wall layer within the myocardium is the (endocardium, epicardium)

A

endocardium

115
Q

heart is contained within this cavity

A

mediastinum

116
Q

myocardium is composed of ___ tissue

A

connective

Excelsior A+P (4 decks)

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