Endocrinology

Question 1

What is the numerical relationship between serum sodium and glucose?

Answer 1

Serum Na drops 1.6 mEq/L for every 100 mg/dL rise in blood glucose

Question 2

Glucagon binds to what receptor?

Answer 2

Gs GPCR

Question 3

Insulin binds to what receptor?

Answer 3

Receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 4

What does the adrenal cortex arise from?

Answer 4

Mesoderm

Question 5

What does the adrenal medulla arise from?

Answer 5

Neural crest

Question 6

What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults?

Answer 6

Pheochromocytoma

Question 7

What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children?

Answer 7

Neuroblastoma

Question 8

How can you tell if insulin is increased in an individual due to exogenous insulin or an insulinoma?

Answer 8

Endogenous insulin is insulin + C-peptide, whereas exogenous insulin lacks C-peptide

Question 9

What are the factors that cause increased insulin release?

Answer 9

Glucose, GH, and Beta2 agonists

Question 10

What is another name for GH?

Answer 10

Somatotropin

Question 11

Desmopressin is an analog of what?

Answer 11

ADH

Question 12

Where is calcitonin secreted from?

Answer 12

Parafollicular cells (C cells) of thyroid

Question 13

What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect?

Answer 13

Excess iodine temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase leading to less iodine organification and less T3/T4 production

Question 14

What is the mechanism of propylthiouracil?

Answer 14

Inhibits both peroxidase and 5’-deiodinase (thyroid)

Question 15

What is the mechanism of methimazole?

Answer 15

Inhibits peroxidase only (thyroid)