Endocrinology Flashcards
What does each layer or the cortex secrete?
Glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids eg aldosterone (SALT)
Fasciculata - gulcagocorticoids eg. Cortisol (SUGAR)
Reticularis - androgens eg. Testosterone (SEX)
What does the thyroid regulate
Metabolic rate
What is the most important pancreatic endocrine secretion
Insulin
What are the three layers of the outer cortex of adrenals?
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
Describe the origin of each one of pituitary
Anterior pituitary lobe derives embryologically from invagination of the pharynx (Rathke’s pouch)
Posterior is an extension of the neural components of hypothalamus
What connects hypothalamus and pituitary
Infundibulum/pituitary stalk
Which two hypothalamic nuclei have their axon terminals in the posterior pituitary
Supraoptic and paraventricular
What secretes oxytocin?
Posterior pituitary
What two reflexes (related to reproduction) is oxytocin involved in?
1) sensory cells in nipples send feedback to hypothalamus which triggers oxytocin release - this contracts smooth muscle in breasts resulting in milk ejaculation during lactation
2) during labour, stretch receptors in the cervix send signals to the hypothalamus which causes it to release oxytocin. Oxytocin causes uterine smooth muscle contraction which causes delivery of the baby (parturition)
Oxytocin is only found in females: true or false
False - found in both sexes but function in man not known
What is a tropic hormone?
A hormone that stimulates the secretion of another hormone
What is a tropic hormone?
A hormone that stimulates the secretion of another hormone
Define hormone
A chemical messenger synthesised by specific endocrine cells in response to certain stimuli and secreted into the blood, which carries it to target cells
What is a cytokine?
An immune cell secretion
Define ‘stress’
Situation in which there exists a real or potential threat to homeostasis.
