Endocrinology

Question 1

Diagnosis of diabetes

Answer 1

fasting plasma glucose level greater than 126 on 2 separate occasions, random plasma glucose level >200 + symptoms, GTT >200 on 2 separate occasions

Question 2

What are the short acting insulins?

Answer 2

lispro, aspart, glulisine

Question 3

Dawn Phenomenon

Answer 3

Morning hyperglycemia due to the normal nocturnal release of counterregulatory hormons, which increase insulin resistance and blood glucose levels

Question 4

Somogyi Effect

Answer 4

Rebound hyperglycemia- results from excess exogenous insulin, which causes hypoglycemia overnight and stimulates the release of counterregulatory hormones that in turn increase blood glucose

Question 5

Treatment of Dawn Phenomenon and Somogyi Effect?

Answer 5

Dawn Phenomenon: Increase NPH insulin

Somogyi Effect: Decrease NPH insulin

Question 6

What is metabolic syndrome

Answer 6

3/5: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia,low HDL, hypertension, fasting glucose >100

Question 7

MOA: sulonylureas

Answer 7

increase endogenous insulin secretions

Question 8

MOA: metformin

Answer 8

inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin

Question 9

AE sulfonylurea

Answer 9

Hypoglycemia & weight gain

Question 10

How is acromegaly diagnosed?

Answer 10

measure IGF-1 & oral glucose suppression test (GH levels remain elevated despite glucose administration)