Endocrinology Flashcards
What is the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis? Explain its microscopic features
HASMIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS = AKA Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis
- Associated with HLA-DR5
- Results in DESTRUCTED Thyroid PARENCHYMA + RELEASE of Cytotoxic Auto-Antibodies AND Cell-Mediated Mechanisms
- Auto-antibodies Detected are:
a) Thyroid Microsomal
b) Thyroglobulin
c) TSH Receptor
d) Thyroid Abs AGAINST Follicular Cell Membranes + Colloid Component
2 FORMS:
- CLASSIC
0 Gross = Diffuse, Symmetric, Firm, Rubbery Enlargement of Thyroid
- FIBROSING = Firm, Enlarged + Compression of Surrounding Tissues
0 Microscopically
- EXTENSIVE Infiltration of Lymph, Plasma Cells + MFs
- DECREASED Thyroid Follicles - Atrophic + Colloid
- PRESENCE of SLIGHT Fibrous THICKENING of Septa, SEPARATING the Thyroid Lobules
Graves disease definition and morphology
DEFINITION = Grave’s Disease is a HYPERMETABOLIC + BIOCHEMICAL State, DUE to EXCESS Production of THYROID Hormones
MORPHOLOGY
- Hyperthyroidism
- Diffuse Thyroid Enlargement
- Ophthalmopathy
- Abs AGAINST Thyroid Antigens are DETECTED in Serum - TSH Receptor Abs AND Thyroid Microsomal Autoantibodies
0 GROSS
- Diffusely + Symmetrically ENLARGED
- Cut-Section = Parenchyma are HOMOGENOUS, Red-Brown
0 MICRO
- Epithelial HYPERPLASIA is seen by INCREASED Height of Follicular Lining Cells AND Formation of Papillary Infoldings of Piled up Epithelium
- Stroma shows INCREASED Vascularity + ACCUMULATION of Lymphoid Cells
Describe the gross and histological changes in papillary thyroid cancer
GROSS
- Solid, White + Firm
- Multi-Focal
- Encapsulated
- Variable Cysts, Fibrosis + Calcification
HISTO
- Complex
- Dense Fibrosis
- Papillae lined by Cuboidal Cells
- Micro-nucleoli, Eosinophilic Intranuclear Inclusions + Nuclear Longitudinal Grooves
