Endocrinology

Question 1

Name the hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland.

Answer 1

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
• Luteinising hormone (LH);
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH);
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH);
• Prolactin;
• endorphins; and
• Growth hormone (GH).

Question 2

What does FSH do?

Answer 2

Stimulates the maturation of eggs in the ovary and the maturation of sperm in the testes.

Question 3

What does LH do?

Answer 3

Triggers ovulation and begins the formation of the corpus luteum, stimulates the release of oestrogen, andencourages Leydig cellsto maketestosterone.

Question 4

What does ACTH do?

Answer 4

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 5

What does TSH do?

Answer 5

Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, and calcitonin.

Question 6

What does prolactin do?

Answer 6

Stimulates the release of breast milk from the mammary glands.

Question 7

What do endorphins do?

Answer 7

They are neurotransmitters that help relieve pain or stress.

Question 8

What does GH do?

Answer 8

Regulates the growth of the skeleton along with regulating protein synthesis.

Question 9

Name the hormones relased by the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 9

• antidieuretic hormone; and
• oxytocin.

Question 10

What does ADH do?

Answer 10

Stimulates the distal convoluted tubule and the convoluted tubule to re-absorb water.

Question 11

Effects of hormones

Answer 11

• activate/deactivate certain genes;
• change the shape and structure of enzymes; and
• change the rate of enzyme production.