Endocrine Vocab

Question 1

Ovaries

Answer 1

Female gonads secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 2

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 2

Hormone secreted by the neurohypophysis which stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidneys and colon

Question 3

Anterior pituitary

Answer 3

Portion of the hypophysis which secretes 6 different hormones and is controlled chemically by the hypothalamus

Question 4

Thyroid

Answer 4

Endocrine gland which secretes hormones which effect the metabolic rate of the body and lowers blood Ca++ levels of the body

Question 5

Releasing/Inhibitory factors

Answer 5

Chemicals synthesized and secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates/inhibits the anterior pituitary gland to secrete it’s various hormones

Question 6

Target tissue/cells

Answer 6

Certain tissues or cells which possess receptor sites sensitive toa specific hormone which will produce strong physiological responses by the tissue or cells

Question 7

Exocrine gland

Answer 7

Gland that secretes its product(s) through a duct

Question 8

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

ACTH

Answer 8

Hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its multitude of hormones. (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

Question 9

Endocrine gland

Answer 9

A “ductless” gland that sectetes its hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

Portions of the interbrain which links the nervous system to the endocrine system and controls almost all the endocrine glands by its secretion of releasing factors

Question 11

Parathyroid gland

Answer 11

Endocrine gland which secretes a hormone that increases blood Ca++ levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and reabsorption of Ca++ by colon and kidneys also lowers blood PO4 levels.

Question 12

Thyroxin

Answer 12

Thyroid hormone that causes increased energy output from carbohydrates and an increases rate of protein synthesis

Question 13

Testes

Answer 13

Male gonad that secretes testosterone

Question 14

Oxytocin

Answer 14

Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary which causes contractions of the uterus for childbirth and ejection of milk from the pregnant female breast

Question 15

FSH

Answer 15

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary which causes development of the egg containing follicle of the female ovary and sperm production in the male testes.

Question 16

Posterior pituitary

Answer 16

The portion of the hypophysis that is under nervous control by the hypothalamus and secretes 2 hormones

Question 17

Goiter

Answer 17

Severe swelling of the thyroid gland due to hypersecretion of TSH or the lack of iodine in the diet

Question 18

Growth Hormone

(GH)

Answer 18

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary which stimulates the enlargement of cells and/or mitotic cell division of cells of certain tissues.

Question 19

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

(TSH)

Answer 19

Hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis which stimulates the thyroid to secrete its hormones

Question 20

Lutenizing Hormone

(LH)

Answer 20

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary which stimulates sex hormone secretion by the gonads and the release of the egg from the follicles of the female ovary

Question 21

Calcitonin

Ca+

Answer 21

Hormone secreted by the thyroid that lowers the blood Ca++ levels by stimulating osteoblast activity to produce new bone which stores the Ca++ in the bones

Question 22

Acromegaly

Answer 22

Condition in which GH continues to be secreted after growth plate closure of the bones resulting in abnormal bone growth and increased growth of certain parts of the body

Question 23

Cretinism

Answer 23

Condition in which the thyroid hormones are not being secreted at birth or shortly after which if allowed to continue results in permanent mental/brain impairment

Question 24

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 24

Condition in which insulin secretion is diminished or not recognized by cells or is totally absent resulting in serious or fatal metabolic conditions

Question 25

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 25

Condition in which ADH is not produced or secreted by the posterior pituitary gland resulting in extremely large quantities of urine being produced and the dehydration associated with it