Endocrine Vocab Flashcards
Ovaries
Female gonads secrete estrogen and progesterone
Antidiuretic Hormone
Hormone secreted by the neurohypophysis which stimulates the reabsorption of water by the kidneys and colon
Anterior pituitary
Portion of the hypophysis which secretes 6 different hormones and is controlled chemically by the hypothalamus
Thyroid
Endocrine gland which secretes hormones which effect the metabolic rate of the body and lowers blood Ca++ levels of the body
Releasing/Inhibitory factors
Chemicals synthesized and secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates/inhibits the anterior pituitary gland to secrete it’s various hormones
Target tissue/cells
Certain tissues or cells which possess receptor sites sensitive toa specific hormone which will produce strong physiological responses by the tissue or cells
Exocrine gland
Gland that secretes its product(s) through a duct
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
ACTH
Hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its multitude of hormones. (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
Endocrine gland
A “ductless” gland that sectetes its hormones directly into the bloodstream
Hypothalamus
Portions of the interbrain which links the nervous system to the endocrine system and controls almost all the endocrine glands by its secretion of releasing factors
Parathyroid gland
Endocrine gland which secretes a hormone that increases blood Ca++ levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and reabsorption of Ca++ by colon and kidneys also lowers blood PO4 levels.
Thyroxin
Thyroid hormone that causes increased energy output from carbohydrates and an increases rate of protein synthesis
Testes
Male gonad that secretes testosterone
Oxytocin
Hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary which causes contractions of the uterus for childbirth and ejection of milk from the pregnant female breast
FSH
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary which causes development of the egg containing follicle of the female ovary and sperm production in the male testes.
Posterior pituitary
The portion of the hypophysis that is under nervous control by the hypothalamus and secretes 2 hormones
Goiter
Severe swelling of the thyroid gland due to hypersecretion of TSH or the lack of iodine in the diet
Growth Hormone
(GH)
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary which stimulates the enlargement of cells and/or mitotic cell division of cells of certain tissues.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
Hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis which stimulates the thyroid to secrete its hormones
Lutenizing Hormone
(LH)
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary which stimulates sex hormone secretion by the gonads and the release of the egg from the follicles of the female ovary
Calcitonin
Ca+
Hormone secreted by the thyroid that lowers the blood Ca++ levels by stimulating osteoblast activity to produce new bone which stores the Ca++ in the bones
Acromegaly
Condition in which GH continues to be secreted after growth plate closure of the bones resulting in abnormal bone growth and increased growth of certain parts of the body
Cretinism
Condition in which the thyroid hormones are not being secreted at birth or shortly after which if allowed to continue results in permanent mental/brain impairment
Diabetes Mellitus
Condition in which insulin secretion is diminished or not recognized by cells or is totally absent resulting in serious or fatal metabolic conditions
Diabetes Insipidus
Condition in which ADH is not produced or secreted by the posterior pituitary gland resulting in extremely large quantities of urine being produced and the dehydration associated with it
