endocrine system + immune system Flashcards
Vertebrate endocrine system
Hypothalamus Pituitary gland (hypophysis) Pineal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands (atop kidneys) Pancreas Testes (males), ovaries (females)
Water-soluble hormones
o Cannot pass through phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane)
o Bind to protein-receptor on cell membrane which initiates signal transduction to cell
Lipid-soluble hormones
o Can pass through the cell membrane by diffusion
o Bind to receptors inside a cell and initiates signal transduction
Organs that are not endocrine glands can produce hormones
- Stomach
- Kidneys
- Heart
- Placenta
phagocytosis
Immune cells can “eat” pathogens and decompose them by lysosomal enzymes
Natural killer cell
release chemicals against cancer cells and viruses
Neutrophils
“eat” pathogens, then die (often lead to creation of pus)
Macrophages
large phagocytes in interstitial fluid, eating viruses and bacteria
Interferons
proteins that activate viral inhibiting substances
Antigen
molecule that elicits immune response
Antibody
protein that attaches to antigens and counters its effects
Adaptive immunity
Active or passive immunity
Active immunity
animal actively produces antibodies against antigens
Passive immunity
animal receives premade antibodies
