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bilikova > chemia > Flashcards

chemia Flashcards

1
Q

autoignition temperature

A

the lowest temperature of which other substances start to react with oxygen - it is exothermic and oxides of particular elements are formed

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2
Q

colourless liquid slightly more viscous than water

A

hydrogen peroxide

H2O2

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3
Q

uses of hydrogen peroxide

A

oxidiser, bleaching agent, disinfectant

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4
Q

reaction with hydrogen peroxide

A

2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2

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5
Q

acidic oxides molecules

A

CO2 , SO3 , SO2

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6
Q

acidic oxides reacting with bases and alkalis

A

CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O

Carbon dioxide + sodium hydroxide → sodium carbonate + water

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7
Q

physical properties of acidic oxides

A

oxides of non-metals

gases at room temperature

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8
Q

basic oxides molecules

A

CaO, MgO, Na2O

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9
Q

basic oxides react with acids

A

MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
Magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + water
Amphoteric oxides

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10
Q

physical properties of basic oxides

A

oxides of metals
often solid at room temperature
most are soluble in water

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11
Q

neutral oxides

A

non-metals that form oxides but show neither basic nor acidic properties
insoluble in water

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12
Q

neutral oxides molecules

A

H2O, NO (nitric oxide), CO

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13
Q

photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → (chlorophyll, UV) → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

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14
Q

applications of oxygen

A

O2 is essential for respiration
Used in medicine
Used in welding
Making of steel and methanol

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15
Q

ozone O3

A 
Allotropic form of oxygen
Important compound of the atmosphere
Effect on the ozone layer
Ozone is toxic
Used in drinking water treatment (kills pathogens, bacteria, viruses)
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16
Q

colours of ozone

A

Higher concentrations at gaseous state : slightly blue colour, has a specific odour Liquid form : blue colour
Solid form : violet/black

17
Q

what is the ozone layer good for?

A

protects life on Earth against harmful UV radiation

18
Q

allotropes of sulphur

A

rhombic sulfur

monoclinic sulphur

19
Q

what is an allotrope

A

same atomic (chemical) structure, different physical properties

20
Q

sulphur burning with oxygen

A

S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)

product : sulphur dioxide

21
Q

reaction of sulphur with iron

A

Fe (s) + S (s) → FeS (s)

product : iron (II) sulfide

22
Q

what is sulphur concrete/ where is it used

A

isn’t attacked by acids → used in floors and walls in factories
that use acids

23
Q

sulphur dioxide when dissolved in water

A

SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

product : sulphurous acid

24
Q

acidic rains

A

when fossil fuels burn sulphur dioxide escapes into the air

acid rains wash away the nutrients that plants need, it also dissolves limestone statues

25
Q

uses of sulphur dioxide (SO2)

A

Bleaching wool, silk and wood pulp
Manufacture of sulphuric acid
Sterilising agent (jams, dried fruits) - stops the growth of bacteria and mold

26
Q

uses of hydrogen sulphide (H2S)

A

Treating skin diseases, rheumatism
Dyeing fur
Qualitative inorganic analysis of metal ions

27
Q

raw material of the contact process

A

sulphur, air and water
or
sulphur dioxide, air and water

28
Q

uses of sulphuric acid

A 
Fertilisers such as ammonium sulphate 
Paints, pigments, dyestuffs
Fibers and plastics
Soaps and detergents
The acid used in car batteries
29
Q

diluted H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) reaction with iron

A

H2SO4 + Fe → FeSO4 + H2

Sulphuric acid + iron → iron (II) sulphate + hydrogen

30
Q

diluted H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) reaction with copper

A

H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O

Sulphuric acid + copper (II) oxide → copper (II) sulphate + water

31
Q

Concentrated sulphuric acid H2SO4 reaction with copper

A

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O

Copper + sulphuric acid → copper sulphate + sulphur dioxide + water

32
Q

biological importance og sulphur

A

a minor constituent of fats, body fluids, and skeletal minerals
a key component in most proteins since it is contained in the amino acids methionine and cysteine

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