Endocrine System - Diabetes Mellitus *Sugar Diabetes* Flashcards
What is Genetic Disorder Diabetes Mellitus Associated with?
The production of insulin.
Without adequate insulin…
The blood sugar levels tend to rise after meals
Define Hyperglycemia
Too much sugar in the blood stream.
Symptoms of Hyperglycemia
- High levels of glucose in urine (leads to excessive urine and constant thirst)
- Low energy levels (cells are unable to become permeable to glucose)
Due to the low energy levels, what do diabetic cells do instead? Why is this dangerous?
They turn to the body and use proteins and fats to metabolize. This becomes dangerous because fat metabolism leads to toxic ketones.
What are ketones?
They are a source of fuel for the body, but causes blood to turn acidic if there is too much.
Too much or too little glucose going into your brain cells can lead to….
A coma or ultimately death.
What are the Two types of diabetes mellitus?
1.) Type One diabetes insulin dependent
2.) Type Two diabetes non insulin dependent
Type 1 Diabetes Cause:
Early degeneration of beta cells
Reason for Type 1 diabetes and Treatment:
Usually before the age of 15, due to an insufficient production of insulin. It can only be treated by insulin injections.
Type 1 Diabetes Long term Effects + Risks
Long term effects: Atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, nerve damage, blindness..
Can run the risk of becoming hypoglycemic (low blood sugar levels)
Type 2 Diabetes Cause
Occurs mostly after the age of 40, typically occur due to extremely poor diet (generally targets overweight people)
For Type 2 Diabetes , people have abnormally low..
Abnormally low amount of insulin receptors on target tissues, although their insulin levels are fine.
If it goes untreated…(Type 2 Diabetes)
The individual cells may starve themselves, causing the individuals to lose weight and may eventually suffer from brain damage or even death.
When sugars cannot be utilized….(Type 2)
More fats are mobilized leading to more ketones in the blood.
