Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands regarding to where they dump their product?
Endo - inside the blood
Exo - outside the blood
- endocrine glands dump their products in the bloodstream while exocrine glands release their product outside of the body.
What are the products of endocrine glands?
- Hormones
What are the products of exocrine glands?
Think about all organs that secrete things
- stomach - bicarbonate
- ear - earwax
- sebum (skin oil)
- month - Saliva
- Exocrine products are secreted either inside or outside of the body but not inside the bloodstream.
Does the endocrine gland need tubes or ducts? explain.
Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream and thus does not need any tubes or ducts for delivery.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands.
What are the two types of hormones secreted by endocrine glands? How are they chemically and how does that affect the speed and the form of systematic changes?
Recall: the four macromolecules of biology; which of the four is used in the production of hormones? hint: there is more than one.
Describe two examples in which the endocrine system is at play but the effect is carried out at different speed and form.
What happens to female bodies once a month? Which systems are at play?
- The menstrual cycle is controlled by the endocrine system. A combination of hormones changes over the month resulting in egg ovulation and so on. These changes do not occur immediately but are rather carried out over multiple days.
- the release of insulin into the bloodstream which allows for the uptake of glucose into the cell for metabolism is controlled by the endocrine system. It didn’t take days for our body to release insulin into the bloodstream after a meal.
The difference in speed, as well as the type of changes, depends on the type of hormones involved. If the hormone is a peptide, the effect is immediate but not permanent; whereas, an effect caused by steroid take days and result in rather permanent change as it modifies the DNA of the cell. Peptide hormones, with the help of a second messenger, only turn off the activity of certain enzymes resulting in temporary changes in the cell.
How are steroids and peptides different from another chemically ? How does that affect the way in which they are received by cell.
- Peptide is made up of Amino acids. Large and can be charged molecules. Cannot enter the cell and thus requires receptors and a 2nd messenger.
- Steroids are made up of phospholipids. Small, non-polar, and thus can enter the cell. It has intracellular receptors that allow for binding onto DNA and modify transcription. This is where steroids function differently from peptides. Steroids modify the cell DNA and thus turns certain gene on or off .. change the production of certain enzymes. peptides only activate or deactivate the enzymes – everything stays the same.
Since gene modification and enzyme production are involved, the effect of steroids takes a longer time. rewiring vs turning switch. Effect more permanent.
What are the two control systems of the body? If you need something to be done immediately, which system would you rely on and why?
- The nervous and the endocrine system.
- mili second vs second. –> nervous system for immediate response.
What is special about thyroid hormones?
- look like a peptide but act like a steroid.
- peptide but hydrophobic enough to cross the cell membrane.
There are multiple mechanisms in which hormones are released. It’s not always controlled by the endocrine system.
What are the three mechanisms for hormones release?
- Neural - action potential triggers the release of hormone.
- Hormonal - a hormone that causes the release of another hormone. These are called tropic hormones.
- What do you when somthing that is the blood and is not a hormone or an action potential that trigger a hormone? Humoral control
What is humoral control? example.
- glucose regulates the release of insulin.
What are the two systems that control our body again? what is the controlling center for these two system?
- The nervous system and the endocrine system.
