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Biology 30 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical receptors

Produced at one place and affects another place called the target site

Picked up by receptors

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2
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Produce and secrete substances into skin surface by way of duct (like salivary duct)

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

Secrete hormones directly into blood stream

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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance or equilibrium

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5
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

The master gland

Controls all other glands in body

Situated at the base of the brain

Connected to and controlled by the hypothalamus

Hypothalamus/pituitary complex demonstrates the interaction between the nervous and endocrine systems

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6
Q

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

A

Posterior Pituitary

Anterior Pituitary

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7
Q

What is the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Extension of the hypothalamus

stores and releases hormones that are made in the hypothalamus

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8
Q

What is the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Manufactures and secretes hormones

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9
Q

What is negative feedback loop in the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Hypothalamus receives stimuli
  2. Triggers the anterior pituitary to release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
  3. TSH bonds to receptors at thyroid
  4. Triggers thyroid to release thyroxine
  5. Thyroxine triggers increase in temperature
  6. Negative feedback stops the release of TSH at the anterior pituitary
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10
Q

Through what gland is calcium regulated in the blood?

A

Thyroid and parathyroid

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11
Q

What are the adrenal glands?

A

Maintain salt and water level in body

Respond to stress

Adrenal Medulla (inner gland) regulated by nervous system

Adrenal Cortex (outer gland) regulated by hormones

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12
Q

What is the short term stress response?

A

Controlled by nervous system

Hypothalamus sends nerve signals via the spinal cord

Nerve signals reach the adrenal medulla

Releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

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13
Q

What is the long term stress response?

A

Controlled by endocrine system

Hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary with releasing hormone

Anterior pituitary releases ACTH into blood

ACTH reached adrenal cortex and releases corticosteroids

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14
Q

Which gland regulates blood sugar?

A

Controlled by the Isles of Langerhans in the pancreas

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15
Q

What are the gonads?

A

Testes

Ovaries

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16
Q

What hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus?

A

HRH (hypothalamus releasing hormone)

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) (made here)

Oxytocin (made here)

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17
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary?

A

hGH (human growth hormone)

TSH (thyroid stimulated hormone)

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

LH (leutinizing hormone)

PRL (prolactin)

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

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18
Q

What hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin (stored here)

ADH (stored here)

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19
Q

What hormones are secreted from the thyroid?

A

Calcitonin

Thyroxine

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20
Q

What hormones are secreted from the parathyroid?

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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21
Q

What hormones are secreted from the adrenal cortex?

A

Cortisol

Aldosterone

22
Q

What hormones are secreted from the adrenal medulla?

A

Epinephrine/norepinephrine

23
Q

What hormones are secreted from the pancreas?

A

Insulin

Glycagon

24
Q

What hormones are secreted from the ovaries?

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

25
Q

What hormones are secreted from the testes?

A

Testosterone

26
Q

What is the effect of the HRH hormone?

A

Acts on the pituitary gland

27
Q

What is the effect of the hGH hormone?

A

Acts on cells, bones and muscles for growth

28
Q

What is the effect of the TSH hormone?

A

Acts on the thyroid gland

29
Q

What is the effect of the FSH hormone?

A

Production of follicles to produce eggs in females and sperm in males

30
Q

What is the effect of the LH hormone?

A

Ovulation in females, production of testosterone in males

31
Q

What is the effect of the PRL hormone?

A

Milk production

32
Q

What is the effect of the ACTH hormone?

A

Acts on adrenal cortex

33
Q

What is the effect of the oxytocin hormone?

A

Causes uterine contractions, breast milk

34
Q

What is the effect of the ADH hormone?

A

Retains/reabsorbs water

35
Q

What is the effect of the calcitonin hormone?

A

Increases calcium in the bones

Decreases calcium in the blood

36
Q

What is the effect of the metabolism hormone?

A

Increase metabolism

37
Q

What is the effect of the PTH hormone?

A

Decreases calcium in bones

Increases calcium in blood

38
Q

What is the effect of the cortisol hormone?

A

Slow stress response

Breaks down proteins into glucose for energy

39
Q

What is the effect of the aldosterone hormone?

A

Increases sodium retention, water retention, and increases blood pressure

40
Q

What is the effect of the epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones?

A

Fast stress response, sympathetic nervous system

41
Q

What is the effect of the insulin hormone?

A

Decrease blood sugar

42
Q

What is the effect of the glucagon hormone?

A

Increases blood sugar

Converts glycogen to glucose

43
Q

What is the effect of the estrogen hormone?

A

Secondary sec characteristics, growth of uterine lining

44
Q

What is the effect of the progesterone hormone?

A

Prevents uterine contractions

45
Q

What is the effect of the testosterone hormone?

A

Sperm production and secondary sex characteristics

46
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by diabetes mellitus and what are the symptoms?

A

Body doesn’t produce enough insulin and blood sugar levels are too high

Symptoms: Glucose in urine, sweet smelling breath

47
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by diabetes insipidus and what are the symptoms?

A

Effects the kidney and ADH

Large amount of dilute urine, dehydration, thirst, dry skin

48
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by giantism and what are the symptoms?

A

Effects the anterior pituitary and hGH

Large hands and feet, thick toes and fingers, big jaw and forehead, bold facial features

49
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by goiter and what are the symptoms?

A

Effects the Thyroid and TSH

Swelling in neck, hoarseness, coughing, and difficulty breathing

50
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by graves and what are the symptoms?

A

Thyroid (immune system attacks the thyroid)

Anxiety, weight loss, large thyroid, heat sensitivity

51
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by hypothyroidism and what are the symptoms?

A

Under active thyroid, not enough thyroxin

Decreased metabolism, weight gain, tired, weak, cold intolerance

52
Q

What glands and hormones are effected by hyperthyroidism and what are the symptoms?

A

Overactive thyroid, too much thyroxine

Increases metabolism, weight loss, hot, hyperactive

Biology 30 (7 decks)

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