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Biology 30 > Classical Genetics > Flashcards

Classical Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

Unit of inheritance usually responsible for one or two traits

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2
Q

What is an allele?

A

The two alternate forms of a gene

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3
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Identical alleles for the same gene

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4
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Having different alleles for the same gene

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5
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The allele composition

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6
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical expression of allele composition

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7
Q

What is the dominant trait?

A

The trait that is expressed

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8
Q

What is a recessive trait?

A

Only expressed in homozygous condition

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9
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

A cross involving one trait

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10
Q

What is a test cross?

A

Cross the individual of the unknown genotype with an individual with a recessive genotype

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11
Q

What are Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance?

A

1st Law: Law of Segregation

2nd Law: Law of Independent Assortment

3rd Law: Law of Dominance

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12
Q

What is the 1st Law: Law of Segregation?

A

During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene

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13
Q

What is the 2nd Law: Law of Independent Assortment?

A

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes

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14
Q

What is the 3rd Law: Law of Dominance?

A

Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive

An organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of the dominant allele

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15
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When two alleles are equally dominant they produce a new phenotype

RR is red
rr is white
Rr is pink

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16
Q

What is codominance?

A

Both dominant alleles are fully expressed but in different cells

RR is red
rr is white
Rr is red and white spots

17
Q

What are polygenic traits?

A

A single trait is determined by multiple genes

18
Q

What are epistatic gene?

A

A gene that masks the expression of another gene or genes

19
Q

What does multiple alleles mean?

A

When traits are determined by more than two alleles

The most commonly seen trait is called the wild type

Non wild types are mutant

20
Q

What are sex linked traits?

A

Traits that are determined by genes located on sex chromosomes

A male needs just one of the recessive alleles to display the phenotype

A female needs both recessive alleles to express the phenotype

21
Q

What is a linkage group?

A

Group of linked genes on a chromosome

22
Q

What is a locus?

A

A specific location along a chromosome there a particular gene is found

23
Q

What is a marker gene?

A

A gene with an easily identifiable phenotype that is used to trace the inheritance of other genes that are difficult to identify

Must on the same chromosome and very close together

Biology 30 (7 decks)

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