Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormones
Long-distance signaling molecules in the bloodstream
Act on target cells (must have receptor)
Secreted by endocrine glands, endocrine cells, and some neurons
Gland: Pituitary Anterior
Hormone: Growth Hormone (GH)
Target Tissue: All cells
Effect: Growth, increased protein synthesis
Gland: Pituitary Anterior
Hormone: Prolactin (PRL)
Target Tissue: Mammary Gland
Effect: Production of milk
Gland: Pituitary Anterior
Hormone: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Target Tissue: Thyroid
Effect: Secretion of thyroid hormones
Gland: Pituitary Anterior
Hormone: Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Target Tissue: Adrenal Cortex
Effect: Secretion from adrenal cortex
Gland: Pituitary Anterior
Hormone: Gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH)
Target Tissue: Gonads
Effect: Eggs, sperm production; sex hormone production
Gland: Pituitary-Posterior
Hormone: ADH
Target Tissue: Kidneys
Effect: Water conservation/reabsorption
Gland: Pituitary-Posterior
Hormone: Oxytocin
Target Tissue: Uterus/mammary
Effect: Uterine contractions/ milk production
Gland: Thyroid
Hormone: Thyroxine (T4)
Target Tissue: Most cells
Effect: Increase metabolic rate
Gland: Thyroid
Hormone: Calcitonin
Target Tissue: Bone, kidney, intestines
Effect: Decrease blood calcium levels
Gland: Parathyroid
Hormone: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Target Tissue: Bone, kidney, intestines
Effect: Maintains calcium and activates vitamin D
Gland: Adrenal Medulla
Hormone: Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Target Tissue: Most cells
Effect: Increases blood glucose levels released in emergencies
Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Hormone: Aldosterone
Target Tissue: Kidneys
Effect: Conserve NA+, release K+
Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Hormone: Cortisol
Target Tissue: Most cells
Effect: Increase blood glucose levels, increase protein breakdown, and inflammatory
Gland: Pancreas
Hormone: Glucagon
Target Tissue: Liver, muscles, adipose tissue
Effect: Increases blood glucose levels