Chapter 1- Human Biology

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

The science of life of living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially with reference to origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior.

Question 2

Basic Characteristics of Living Things

Answer 2

• Consists of one more cells
• Take in and use energy and materials
• Sense and respond to changes int he environment (adapt)
• Reproduce and grow
• Maintain homeostasis
• Have cells
• Use and produce energy

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

A state of overall internal chemical and physical stability that is required for survival of cells and the body as a whole. (How body adapts to the baseline/how they respond)

Question 4

Organisms are classified into THREE domains

Answer 4

• Domain Bacteria
• Domain Archaea
• Domain Eukarya ( includes 4 kingdoms: Prostista, Animalia, Fungi, Plantae)

Question 5

Life’s Organization

Answer 5

• Atom/molecule
• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ system
• Organism
• Population
• Community
• Ecosystem
• Biosphere

Question 6

Producers

Answer 6

(Autotrophs)- organisms produce the nutrients they need

(photosynthesis–CO2+H2O+sunlight–>glucose+ oxygen

Question 7

Consumers

Answer 7

(Heterotrophs)-primary consumers= herbivores
secondary consumers/tertiary consumers= carnivores, omnivores (eats everything)
Humans are defined as omnivores can handle meat and plants.

Question 8

Decomposers

Answer 8

• Consumers that release nutrients back into circulation (there is very little waste of nutrients in nature)

Question 9

Science

Answer 9

Is a process used to solve problems or develop an understanding of nature that involves testing possible answers.

Question 10

Scientific Method

Answer 10

A way of gaining information/facts about the world, by forming possible solutions to questions, followed by testing to determine if the proposed solutions are valid.

Question 11

Steps in the Scientific Method

Answer 11

• Observe some natural phenomenon
• Identify a question or problem to explore
• Preliminary research
• Develop a testable hypothesis (educated guess-prediction)
• Test the prediction
• Analyze the data
• Conclusion

Question 12

Hypothesis

Answer 12

Proposed explanation for an observation or how a natural process works.

Question 13

Experiment

Answer 13

Test carried out under controlled conditions that the researcher can manipulate.

Question 14

Variable

Answer 14

A factor that can change over time or under different circumstances.

Question 15

Control Group

Answer 15

Group to which one or more experimental groups can be prepared.

Question 16

Sampling Error

Answer 16

Distortion of experimental results often because the sample size is too small.

Question 17

Critical Thinking (Evidence based)

Answer 17

Using systematic, objective strategies to judge the quality of information.

• Evaluate information objectively
• Evaluate the source information
• Evaluate the content of information

Question 18

Fact

Answer 18

Verifiable information; not an opinion or speculation.

Question 19

Opinion

Answer 19

A subjective judgement.

Question 20

Scientific Theory

Answer 20

Throughly tested explanation of a broad range of natural events and observations.

• Explains a large number of observations
• Based on repeated, careful testing
• Usually accepted after years of testing by multiple scientists

Question 21

Cell

Answer 21

An organized unit that can survive and reproduce by itself, using energy, necessary raw materials, and DNA instructions.

Question 22

Primates

Answer 22

Distinct group of mammals that includes humans, apes, and their close relatives.

Question 23

Emerging Diseases

Answer 23

Diseases caused by a pathogen that until recently did not infect humans, or did so only rarely .

Question 24

Antibiotic

Answer 24

Substance that can kill microorganisms

- Penicillin was the first widely used antibiotic.