Endocrine system

Question 1

What are the parts of the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 1

• Pars distalis
• Pars tuberalis
• Pars intermedius

Question 2

What are the parts of the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 2

• Pars nervosa

- Infundibulum

Question 3

What are the cells present in the anterior pituitary gland and the hormones secreted by them?

Answer 3

1. Somatotrophs (~50%): Growth hormone (GH)
2. Lactotrophs (~20%): Prolactin
3. Corticotrophs (~20%): Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
4. Thyrotrophs (~5%): Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
5. Gonadotrophs (~5%): LH and FSH

Question 4

What are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 4

1. ADH

2. Oxytocin

Question 5

What structure connects the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus?

Answer 5

Pituitary stalk

Question 6

What are the types of cells present in the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 6

1. Chromophobes

2. Chromophils

Question 7

What are the structures present in the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 7

1. Axons

2. Pituicytes

Question 8

What are the types of cells found in the parathyroid glands?

Answer 8

1. Chief cells (secretes PTH)

2. Oxyphil cells

Question 9

What types of cells make up thyroid follicles?

Answer 9

Cuboidal cells (columnar when stimulated)

Question 10

What other cell type is present in thyroid glands?

Answer 10

C (parafollicular) cells

Question 11

What are the layers of the adrenal cortex and their secretions?

Answer 11

1. Zona glomerulosa: Mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone)
2. Zona fasciculata: Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)
3. Zona reticularis: Androgens