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Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Diffuse system. Nothing is really connected to each other just patches of tissue all throughout the body

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2
Q

Pituitary gland (hypothysis)

A

Produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

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3
Q

What regulates pituitary gland?

A

Hormonal and neuronal control of the hypothalamus

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4
Q

Primary functional region of anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis

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5
Q

Primary functional region of posterior pituitary

A

Pars nervosa

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6
Q

Infundibulum

A

Pituitary stock

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7
Q

Anterior homones

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH

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8
Q

Posterior hormones

A

ADH, OT

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9
Q

Portal system for anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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10
Q

Somatotrophs secrete

A

Somatotropin (GH)

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11
Q

Somatotrophs inducer

A

Somatocrinin (GHRH)

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12
Q

Somatotrophs target

A

All body cells

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13
Q

Somatotrophs effect

A

Cell growth and division

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14
Q

Somatotrophs inhibitors

A

Somatistatin (GHIH) and IGFs

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15
Q

Mammotrophs secrete

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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16
Q

Mammotrophs inducer

A

Thyroid releasing hormone

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17
Q

Mammotrophs effect

A

Mammory gland development and lactation

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18
Q

Mammotrophs inhibitors

A

PIH (dopamine)

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19
Q

Dwarfism

A

Develops during childhood. Insuffcient production of GH from somatotrophs and IGF from liver

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20
Q

Gigantism

A

Develops during childhood overproduction and secretion of GH and IGF

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21
Q

Acromegaly

A

Developes after puberty where growth plates fuse and still overproduction of GH and IGF so bones grow wide

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22
Q

Corticotrophs secrete

A

ACTH

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23
Q

Corticotrophs inducer

A

CRH

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24
Q

Corticotrophs target

A

Adrenal cortex

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25
Q

Corticotrophs effect

A

Cortisol release

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26
Q

Corticotrophs inhibitor

A

Cortisol

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27
Q

Thyrotrophs secrete

A

Thyroid stimulation horome (TSH)

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28
Q

Thyrotrophs target

A

Thyroid gland

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29
Q

Thyrotrophs effect

A

T3/T4 release

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30
Q

Thyrotrophs inhibitors

A

T3/T4

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31
Q

Gonadotrophs secrete

A

FSH and LH

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32
Q

Gonadotrophs inducer

A

GnRH

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33
Q

Gonadotphs inhibited by

A

Ovarian and testicular hormones

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34
Q

FSH simulates

A

Ovarian follicular development and sperm production

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35
Q

LH stimulates

A

Ovulation and testosterone production

36
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Not a true endorine tissue. Contains axons of hypothalamuc neurons that have herring bodies to store ADH and OT

37
Q

Supraoptic neurons

A

Carry ADH

38
Q

Peracentricular neurons

A

Carry OT

39
Q

ADH inducer

A

Increased solute consintration

40
Q

ADH targets

A

Kidney collection ducts

41
Q

ADH effects

A

Water reabsorption and urine consintration

42
Q

ADH inhibitors

A

Decreased solute consintration and alcohol

43
Q

OT inducers

A

Infant nursing and infant crying

44
Q

OT targets

A

Uterus and breast

45
Q

OT effects

A

Uterine contractions and milk let down

46
Q

OT inhibitors

A

Stress and catecholamines

47
Q

Milk let down

A

Baby suckling send signal to brain to release OT that goes to the beast and OT causes milk gland to constrict which pushes milk into the duct and out to the baby

48
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Not a true endorine tissue. Contains axons of hypothalamuc neurons that have herring bodies to store ADH and OT

49
Q

Solute consintration high

A

Osmo receptors tell supraoptix nurons to fire and ADH is released and that tells kidneys to reabsorb water and dilutes ECF

50
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Secrets T3/T4 which cause growth development and metabolism and it also secrets calcitonin to decrease blood calcium levels

51
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Causes hypo to release TRH and Anterior releases TSH that bind to follicular cells and release T3 T4

52
Q

Graves disease

A

Autoimmune disease that produces anti bodies that act like TSH and causes TSH to be low but still high T3 T4

53
Q

Hypothyroidism disease

A

Cause goiter, poor mental health and physical function, decrease cold resistance, impaired cognitive development in children

54
Q

Hashimotos thyroiditis

A

Hypothyroidism. WBCs attacj fillicular cells and kill them

55
Q

Cretinism

A

In children because of lack of iodine in the soil

56
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Goiter and exophthalmos, wasting, nervousness, increase heat production and tachycardia

57
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Cheif cells produce PTH to increase blood calcium. Target cells in bone to case bone break down and kidnegs to form calcitriol

58
Q

Increase blood calcium

A

PTH is secreted to increase bone resorption, kidney calcium reabsorbtion, and kidney make vitamin D

59
Q

Increase OPG/RANKL ratio

A

Estrogen, androgens, and pulsatile PTC

60
Q

Decrease OPG/RANKL ratio

A

Calcitriol and cortisol

61
Q

Calcitonin secreted from thyroid and busphisphonates

A

Directly inhibit osteoclast

62
Q

Adernal gland

A

On top of kidneys. Produce corticosteriods regulated by ACTH

63
Q

Z. Glimerulosa

A

Needs ACTH and angiotensin II to produce aldosterone

64
Q

Aldosterone

A

Salt and water balance

65
Q

All hormone made from

A

Cholesterol

66
Q

Z. Fasiculata

A

Cortisol

67
Q

Cotisol

A

Anti inflamator and stress hormone. Inhibits insulin production on muscle and fat to moblize nutrients into the blood stream

68
Q

Z. Reticularis

A

DHEA and androstenedione

69
Q

What regulates CRH?

A

Stress and circadian rhythms

70
Q

Primary hypocortisolism

A

Problem with adrenal gland and cortisol levels are low

71
Q

Secondary hypocortisolism

A

Problem in pituitary gland where CRH levels are normal or evelvated but ATCH and cortisol levels are low

72
Q

Tertiary hyopcortisolism

A

Problem in hypothalmus CRH levels low

73
Q

Hypocortisolism symptoms

A

Weak, tired, weight loss, hyperpigmentaion, hypotension and salt craving

74
Q

Cushings syndrome

A

Natural cortosol levels are low but exhogenous are elevated

75
Q

Cushings syndromes symptoms

A

Moon face, buffalo hump, obesity, hypertension, bone fragments

76
Q

Islets of langerhans

A

Alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells

77
Q

Alpha cells

A

Glucagon moblize nutrients into blood

78
Q

Beta cells

A

Insulin absorb nutrients into blood

79
Q

Delta cells

A

Somatostatin (GHIH) inhibts glucagon and insulin

80
Q

Type I diabetes

A

Insulin dependent, auto immune disease, low or nonexsistance levels insulin, targets beta cells or whole pancreaus

81
Q

Type II diabetes

A

Target cells become resistant to insulin or beta cells dont produce enough, change in diet, drug, or occasionally insulin

82
Q

Metformin

A

Stops liver releasing glucouse

83
Q

Bytetta and victoza

A

Stimulate beta cells

84
Q

Glucose levels before meals

A

ADA 90-130

ACE less than 110

85
Q

Glucose levels after meals

A

ADA less than 180

ACE less than 140

86
Q

Hemoglobin A1c diabetes

A

6.5% and over

Physiology (6 decks)

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