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Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Plama composition

A

Plasma proteins, other solutes, water

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2
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory proteins

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3
Q

Other solutes

A

Electrolytes, organic nutrients, organic wastes

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4
Q

Albumins

A

Major contributors to osmotic pressure of plamsa and non specific transport of lipids

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5
Q

Globulins

A

Specific transport of specfic substances

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6
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Essential component of clotting system

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7
Q

Regulatory proteins

A

Enzymes and hormones

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8
Q

Organic nutrients

A

Lipids, cholesterol, carbs, and amino acids

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9
Q

Orgainic waste

A

Urea, uric acid, creatinine

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10
Q

Primary functions of plasma

A

Transportation of horomes, solutes and cells and exchange of nutrients and waste

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11
Q

Secondary functions of plasma

A

Immunity by carrying white blood cells, thermoregulation, coagulation, fluid volume balance and pH balance

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12
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC in a sample of whole blood

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13
Q

Calculated hematocrit

A

Analyzer counts number of RBCs and muliples by there average size. Increased accuracy

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14
Q

Normal hematocrit for males

A

39-50%

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15
Q

Normal hematocrit for females

A

35-45%

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16
Q

Low hematocrit

A

Anemia

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17
Q

High hematocrit with normal plasma

A

Polycythemia

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18
Q

High hematocrite with low plasma

A

Dehydration

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19
Q

Secondary polycythemia

A

A natural response to high altitude. Low oxy detected by JG cells in kidney. EPO is produced to make more RBCs

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20
Q

Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera)

A

Tumor in bone marrow producing too many RBCs

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21
Q

Formed elements

A

Plateltes, white blood cells, red blood cells

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22
Q

Red blood cells

A

Only living cells without a nucleous

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23
Q

What percent do RBCs make up of formed elements

A

99.9%

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24
Q

Why do RBCs have a biconcave disc?

A

Fold in half to get through small capillaries and to stack to get through blood vessels

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25
Q

RBC production

A

Occurs in red bone marrow and requires amino acids, iron, and vit B12. EPO stimulates

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26
Q

RBC destruction

A

90% of RBCs go to macrophages in kidneys and get broken down into iron amino acids and heme. Heme gets converted into billirubin that goes to intestines and gets broken into urobilins and stercobilins that get excreted

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27
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A

Heme group in oxygenated and 4 oxygen can bind

28
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A

Found in pulmenary arteries

29
Q

Carbsminohemoglobin

A

CO2 bound to it

30
Q

HgbA

A

Adult hemoglobin

31
Q

HgbA1c

A

Glucouse bound to it

32
Q

HgbF

A

Fetus hemoglobin

33
Q

HgbS

A

Abnormal hemoglobin

34
Q

Bind to heme causes oxygen to fall of heme

A

CO2 (a waste product from cells) proton, 2,3 BPG

35
Q

Sickle cell

A

One pair of nuecleotides messed up causes heme to be nonpolar and it becomes hydrophobic and it becomes stickly and clusters inside RBCs

36
Q

Sickle cells only live about 10 days because

A

Heme is sickles which causes the membrane to be sickled which lowers oxygen binding

37
Q

Sickle cells crisis

A

Blood cells become very stiff and cant fit through blood vessels and they form clots

38
Q

Type AB blood

A

Take blood from anyone. There is no cross reaction because during transfusion only get cells not everything else

39
Q

Type O

A

Give blood to anyone

40
Q

Cross reaction

A

When antibodies match antigens and agglutination happens which causes hemolysis

41
Q

White blood cell function

A

Immunity, removal of waste, toxins and damaged cells

42
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most numerous WBC that attack and digest marked bacteria. Phagocytosis by taking in oxygen and riping the bacteria apart by electrons and lysosomes

43
Q

Eosinophils

A

Attack and pahogcytose multicellular objects coated with antibodies

44
Q

Basiphils

A

Least numerous WBC. Use histamin and heparin for inflamation and anticoagulant

45
Q

Monocytes

A

Largest WBC. Enter CT and fuse together to form a syncytium to become macrophages and then phagocytosis

46
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Closest in size to RBC. Three classes T cells, B cells and NK cells

47
Q

T cells

A

Physically bind to bacteria and kill it

48
Q

B cells

A

Secrete antibodies that bind to bacteria to mark for kill

49
Q

NK cells

A

Natural killer cells. Circulate body testing sugars to make sure they are normal. Kill abnormal

50
Q

Mutipotential hemotopoietic stem cell

A

Give rise to all blood cells

51
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC levels

52
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Too many white blood cells

53
Q

CBC count

A

Number of WBC, RBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit

54
Q

Differetial WBC count

A

Relative number of WBCs

55
Q

Platelets

A

Fragments of megakatyocytes that have a major role in stopping bleeding

56
Q

Three steps in hemostasis

A

Vasoconstrict to reduce blood loss, formation of platelet plug by sticking and releasing chemical to recruit more platlets, and blood coagulation

57
Q

Aspirin on blood clotting

A

Inhibits thromboxane to reducing clotting

58
Q

Prostacyclin/NO

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy vessels

59
Q

Creating fibers

A

Prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin that convets fibrinogen into fibrin that doesnt disolve in plasma and uses calcium to make cross linked fibrin

60
Q

Stroke

A

Emboli break off from a thrombus and they get lodged in small capillaries that then blood blood to an area and low oxygen causes cell death

61
Q

Clot shrinkage

A

By actin and myosin cause endothelial cells closer together and make more cells.

62
Q

Clot dissolution

A

Tissue plasminogen activatior converts plasminogen to plasmin that digest finbrin and clot falls apart leaving blood vessel sealed

63
Q

Hemophilla A

A

Protein mutation on tissue factor 8

64
Q

Hemophilia B

A

Protein mutation on tissue factor 9

65
Q

Anti coagulant “blood thinners”

A

Inhibit tissue factor 7 and prothrombin

66
Q

Calcium chelation

A

Removes calcium from blood and blood cant clot

Physiology (6 decks)

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