Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

A system of glands and cells that secrete hormones to regulate and integrate body systems

A

Endocrine System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The endocrine system is a _________.

A

Control system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine Glands Function

A

Secrete substances into the blood in response to a stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical Messengers (a.k.a mediator molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do hormones have access to the body cells?

A

Release into interstitial fluid, which then enter the bloodstream, which then circulate to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are hormones released? How does this connect with where it regulates activity?

A

One part of the body to regulate activity in another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To deliver the hormone message (function), the hormones ____..

A

bind to receptors on the cell membrane of target cells/organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain upregulation & downregulation

A

Upregulation:
-Increasing the target cell receptors due to a lack of circulating hormone
-This increases sensitivity to this hormone
Downregulation:
-Decrease in target cell receptors due to an excess of circulating hormone
-This decreases sensitivity to the hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normally, most hormones are present in the body at all times (usually in small amounts). When will these levels fluctuate?

A

When there is a demand on normal body rhythms

  • Environment
  • Stress
  • Inflammation
  • Pathologies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When are normal rhythms absent?

A

-Disease States

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is secretion controlled by?

A
  1. Nervous System
  2. Chemical changes in blood
  3. Other hormones
  4. Managed through negative feedback loops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primary Endocrine Glands

A
  1. Pituitary
  2. Thyroid
  3. Parathyroid
  4. Adrenal
  5. Pineal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other organs that secrete hormones

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thymus
  • Ovaries/Testes
  • Pancreas
  • Kidneys
  • Stomach & small intestine
  • Heart
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Placenta
  • Liver
  • Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two things that regulate all aspects of growth, development, metabolism, and homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Major integrating centre between the nervous and endocrine systems

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormonally, the hypothalamus regulates the synthesis and release of the ____________

A

anterior pituitary hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neurologically, the hypothalamus regulates the synthesis and release of the ____________

A

posterior pituitary hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A.k.a Pituitary

A

Hypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pituitary located/Description

A
  • Sits in the sella turcica of the sphenoid.

- 2 Lobes, Small gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

A
  1. Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
  2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  4. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  5. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  6. Prolactin (PRL)
  7. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

A
  • Stimulates Tissue Growth
  • Promotes Healing and Tissue Repair
  • Increases Use of Lipids for Energy
  • Decreases Cellular Uptake of Glucose/Elevates Blood Glucose Levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is hGH released?

A

In bursts, every few hours

23
Q

What will promote the release of hGH?

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Increased SyNS
  • Other hormones (glucagon, cortisol, insulin, estrogen)
24
Q

Factors that will inhibit releasing hGH

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • REM sleep
  • Obesity
  • Low levels of thyroid hormones
  • High levels of hGH in blood
25
Q

Describe Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A
  • Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland
  • Dependent on level of thyroid hormones in blood
26
Q

Describe Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A
  • Stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands

- Release increases with stress stimuli and macrophage activity

27
Q

Describe Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Females: Triggers ovulation
Males: Stimulates Testes to release testosterone

28
Q

Describe Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Females: Triggers ovarian follicle development
Males: Triggers sperm production in the testes

29
Q

Describe Prolactin (PRL)

A

Initiates and maintains milk production in the mammary glands

30
Q

Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland

A
  1. Oxytocin

2. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)

31
Q

Describe Oxytocin

A
  • During delivery, it enhances smooth mm contraction of the uterus
  • Post-partum, stimulates milk ejection
32
Q

Describe ADH

A
  • Decrease urine production

- Causes arteriolar vasoconstriction

33
Q

Factors that promotes release of ADH

A
  • Dehydration
  • Pain/anxiety/stress/trauma
  • Nicotine
  • Some medication
34
Q

Factors that will inhibit the release of ADH

A
  • Increase blood volume

- Alcohol

35
Q

The Thyroid Gland is inferior to the ___

A

Larynx

36
Q

What does the thyroid produce?

A

Thyroid Hormones and Calcitonin

37
Q

What is the thyroid controlled by?

A

The hypothalamus-pituitary

38
Q

Function of thyroid hormones

A
  1. Increase base metabolic rate
  2. Maintain body temp
  3. Stimulate protein synthesis
  4. Increase use of glucose and lipids to generate ATP
  5. Enhance the actions of norepinephrine
  6. w/ hGH and insulin, body growth accelerates
39
Q

Describe Calcitonin

A

-Decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

40
Q

Where is the Parathyroid Gland located?

A

Posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

41
Q

Parathyroid Gland secretes…

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

  • Increase blood calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels by increasing the number and activity of osteoclasts
  • Works with kidneys to decrese their secretion of calcium and magnesium and to promote the formation of calcitriol
42
Q

What is calcitriol?

A

Active form of Vitamin D

43
Q

Two parts of the Adrenal Gland

A
  1. Adrenal Cortex

2. Adrenal Medulla

44
Q

Adrenal Cortex secretes…

A
  1. Aldosterone
  2. Cortisol
  3. Androgens
45
Q

Adrenal Medulla secretes…

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Norepinephrine
    (same thing–adrenaline)
46
Q

Describe Aldosterone

A
  • Regulates sodium and potassium levels
  • Helps regulate BP/BV
  • Helps elimination of H+ (acid)
  • Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water and stimulate arteriolar smooth mm contraction
47
Q

When is Aldosterone Released?

A

In response to dehydration, sodium deficiency, hemorrhage

48
Q

Describe Cortisol

A

It is the “Stress Hormone”

Secreting while stressed

49
Q

Describe Androgens

A

During Puberty: stimulate axillary and pubic hair growth
Males (post-pube) weak
Females (post-pube) function in libido and are converted into estrogens

50
Q

Describe Adrenal Medulla

A
  • Produce Norepinephrine/epinephrine
  • both are released during stress and excercise
  • Increase the SyNS response
51
Q

Describe the Pineal gland

A
  • secretes melatonin to regulate sleep cycles

- increase secretion in darkness, decrease secretion in sunlight

52
Q

Describe the Thymus

A

Promotes the maturation of T-cells

53
Q

Describe the pancrease

A 
-located in the curve of the duodenum 
Pancreatic Islets (islets of langerhans) secrete:
-Glucagon
-Insulin
-Somatostatin

Physiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions