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Physiology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Structural components of connective tissue

A
  • made of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells
  • most have good blood supply
  • most have a nerve supply
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2
Q

Functions of CT (6)

A
  • protection
  • support/definition
  • binding
  • transportation
  • energy
  • immunity
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3
Q

What does the cellular matrix contain?

A
  • protein fibres

- ground substance

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4
Q

What are some examples of protein fibres?

A

-elastin, collagen, reticular fibre

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5
Q

What is collagen?

A

white, very strong, resists pulling forces

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6
Q

What is the word for when something resists pulling?

A

Tensile

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7
Q

How is fibre arrangement determined?

A

By the forces acting on the fibres

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8
Q

What is elastin?

A
  • Yellow
  • Smaller than collagen
  • Strong, but stretchy
  • Rebound
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9
Q

What is a reticular fibre?

A

Thin, fine collagen fibres that form branching networks

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10
Q

What does reticular fibre help to do?

A

Filter

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11
Q

Ground substance can be ___, ____, or ___. What does it do?

A

Fluid, gel-like (cartilage), calcified (bone)

It supports the cells and through it, substances are exchanged between the blood and the cells

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12
Q

What are the 5 CT cells?

A
  1. blasts
  2. macrophages
  3. plasma cells
  4. mast cells
  5. adipocytes
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13
Q

What are blasts?

A

“Makers” –> cell secrete into CT to form substance

Found in all major CT types

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14
Q

What are 3 blasts examples, where are they found?

A
  1. Fibroblasts: in loose and dense CT
  2. Osteoblasts: in bone
  3. Chondroblasts: in cartilage
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15
Q

What is present in all general CT?

A

Fibroblasts

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16
Q

What do fibroblasts produce?

A
  • various protein fibres

- ground substance

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17
Q

What is the purpose of macrophages?

A

To eat cellular debris and bacteria.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of plasma cells?

A

They are apart of the immune response

–> secrete antibodies

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19
Q

What is the purpose of mast cells?

A

To make histamine

–> part of the inflammatory response

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20
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

Cells that store fat

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21
Q

What are the 5 CT types?

A
  1. Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
  2. Dense (regular, irregular, elastic)
  3. Bone
  4. Cartilage (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic)
  5. Liquid (blood, lymph)
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22
Q

CT with more cells, fewer fibres

A

Loose Connective Tissue

23
Q

What are the three types of loose CT? How are the fibres?

A
  1. areolar
  2. adipose
  3. reticular

Fibres are loosely interwined

24
Q

Tell me about areolar CT! (+location/function)

A

-Loose CT

Universal packing tissue and glue
(can think styrofoam in packaging)

-most widely distributed CT in body

-located: in/around nearly every body structure
(beneath skin, around blood vessels, nerves, body organs)

-functions: strength, elasticity, support
(think seatbelt–holds in place, allows little movement)

25
Q

Tell me about adipose CT! (+location/function)

A

-Loose CT

Is an areolar tissue containing lots of adipocytes

  • located: beneath skin, around some organs (kidneys, heart, behind eyeball)
  • function: thermoregulation, energy, support (surrounding structure), protection
26
Q

What are adipose cells?

A

Fat cells

27
Q

Tell me about reticular CT! (+location/function)

A
  • Loose CT
  • located: liver, spleen, lymph nodes, basement membrane, around blood vessels and muscles
  • function: forms the supporting framework of organs, binds smooth muscle cells, filters and removes old blood cells and microbes
28
Q

CT with more fibres, fewer cells

A

Dense Connective Tissue

29
Q

3 types of dense CT

A
  1. regular
  2. irregular
  3. elastic
30
Q

Tell me about regular CT! (+location/function)

A
  • Dense CT
  • collagen is arranged in parallel patterns
  • location: tendons, most ligaments
  • function: very strong, but somewhat pliable connections
31
Q

Tell me about irregular CT! (+location/function)

A
  • Dense CT
  • collagen arranged in random/irregular patterns
  • location: fascia, structure, support
  • function: tensile strength in many directions
32
Q

Tell me about elastic CT! (+location/function)

A
  • Dense CT
  • high elastin content
  • location: lung tissue, arteries, ligaments between vertebrae
  • function: stretch and recoil
33
Q

A.K.A. for bone

A

osseous tissue

34
Q

CT with fewer cells with large amounts of collagen fibres

A

Bone

35
Q

Tell me about Bone!

A
  • hard b/c matrix is filled with calcium phosphate salts

- function: protection and support, movement

36
Q

What are the cells of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

37
Q

CT with ground substance that has large amounts of collagen, also contains elastic fibres

A

Cartilage

38
Q

Tell me about Cartilage! What are the 3 types?

A
  • strong and resilient
  • no nerve supply, no blood supply
  1. hyaline
  2. fibrocartilage
  3. elastic cartilage
39
Q

What is the most common cartilage in the body?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

40
Q

Appearance of hyaline cartilage

A

blue/white, smooth, slippery

41
Q

Locations of hyaline cartilage (5)

A
  • lines end of bones
  • parts of ribs
  • tip of nose
  • parts of throat and lungs
  • fetal skeleton
42
Q

Functions of hyaline cartilage (4)

A
  • flexibility
  • support
  • friction reduction
  • shock absorbtion
43
Q

Is hyaline cartilage good for healing? Why or why not?

A

No because it is avascular –no blood flow

44
Q

What are the locations for fibrocartilage?

A
  • Intervertebral Discs
  • Pubic Symphysis
  • Menisci
45
Q

Function of fibrocartilage

A

Support

46
Q

What differs elastic cartilage from other cartilages?

A

Has elastin fibres

47
Q

Location of elastic cartilage

A
  • Epiglottis

- Part of external ear

48
Q

Function of elastic cartilage

A

-support and flexibility while maintaining shape

49
Q

Two types of liquid CT.

A
  1. Blood

2. Lymph

50
Q

What is the ECM surrounding cells in blood?

A

Plasma

51
Q

What are the cells of blood?

A
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
52
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transport system

53
Q

What is lymph CT?

A

plasma-like fluid in lymphatic vessels

54
Q

Functions of lymph CT

A
  • immunity
  • transportation
  • fluid regulation

Physiology (6 decks)

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