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Bio Quiz > Endocrine system (2) > Flashcards

Endocrine system (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following best describes the adrenal cortex?

A. It is the central region of the adrenal gland, primarily responsible for producing adrenaline.
B. It surrounds the adrenal medulla and is divided into three zones, each producing specific hormones.
C. It is composed of neurosecretory neurons that regulate the fight-or-flight response.
D. It is a layer of adipose tissue protecting the adrenal gland.

A

B.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of epinephrine during a stress response?

A. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
B. Induce vasodilation in peripheral blood vessels.
C. Increase glucose availability and enhance oxygen delivery to muscles.
D. Suppress the release of cortisol and aldosterone.

A

C.

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3
Q

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its function or location of production?

A. Aldosterone - regulates sodium and potassium balance, produced in the zona glomerulosa.
B. Cortisol - regulates short-term stress, produced in the zona fasciculata.
C. DHEA - precursor to sex hormones, produced in the zona reticularis.
D. Norepinephrine - maintains blood pressure, produced in the adrenal medulla.

A

B.

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4
Q

A patient with low potassium levels and high blood pressure may be diagnosed with which adrenal disorder?

A. Cushing Syndrome
B. Hyperaldosteronism
C. Addison’s Disease
D. Pheochromocytoma

A

B.

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5
Q

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Cushing Syndrome compared to Addison’s Disease?

A. Excess cortisol production versus insufficient adrenal hormone production.
B. Low blood pressure and darkened skin versus high blood pressure and weight gain.
C. Symptoms developing abruptly versus gradually.
D. Tumors causing hormone overproduction versus autoimmune causes.

A

A.

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6
Q

What is Melatonin made out of?

A. Norepinephrine from tryptophan
B. Tryptophan from pinealocytes
C. Melanopsin
D. Pinealocytes from tryptophan

A

D.

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7
Q

What part of the body controls the signals that contribute to how much melatonin is produced?

A. Retinas
B. Epiphysis Cerebri
C. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
D. Cornea

A

A.

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8
Q

What is the correct order of the pathway neural
signals make to get to the Pineal Gland?

A. Retinas, SCG, SCN, PVN, Pineal Gland
B. SCN, PVN, SCG, Retinas, Pineal Gland
C. Retinas, SCN, PVN, SCG, Pineal Gland
D. Retinas, PVN, SCN, SCG, Pineal Gland

A

C.

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9
Q

What is one way the adrenal hormones and pineal gland are connected?

A. Cortisol is used to make melatonin
B. Adrenal hormone epinephrine triggers pinealocytes to start the production of melatonin
C. Adrenal hormone norepinephrine triggers pinealocytes to start the production of melatonin
D. Adrenal hormone epinephrine is used in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to help regulate the ‘light-dark’ cycle

A

C.

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10
Q

How is the pineal gland being used in the treatment of various headaches?

A. Melatonin is reduced from increased levels when headache is in an active state
B. Pineal gland stimulation with electrical currents has been shown to prevent all forms of migraines
C. It is directly targeted by laser therapy to reduce inflammation in the brain
D. Melatonin is added to increase suppressed levels when headache is in an active state

A

D.

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11
Q

How does insulin affect blood sugar levels?

A. Insulin raises blood sugar by helping cells take in glucose
B. Insulin lowers blood sugar by helping cells take in glucose
C. Insulin both raises and lowers blood sugar levels
D. None of the above

A

B.

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12
Q

What is the role of glucagon in blood sugar regulation?

A. Glucagon raises blood sugar by breaking down stored glycogen into glucose
B. Glucagon lowers blood sugar by breaking down stored glycogen into glucose
C. Glucagon both raises and lowers blood sugar levels
D. Glucagon roles in blood sugar regulation gives more energy to the body

A

A.

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13
Q

What is the worst type of diabetes?

A. Type 2
B. Gestational Diabetes
C. Type 1
D. Type 3c

A

C.

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13
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the ways the endocrine system controls and sends messages?

A. The endocrine system uses muscles to control and send messages
B. The endocrine system uses bones to control and send messages
C. The endocrine system uses electrical signals to control and send messages
D. The endocrine system uses hormones to control and send messages
E. All of the above

A

D.

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14
Q

What part of the endocrine system is insulin and glucagon produced in?

A. Hypothalamus
B. Liver
C. Testis
D. Pancreas

A

D.

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15
Q

What are the two specialized cells in Islets of Langerhan?

A. Alpha and Omega Cells
B. Sigma and Beta Cells
C. Alpha and Beta Cells
D. Sigma and Omega Cells
E. Skibidi cells

A

C.

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16
Q

Who discovered insulin as a treatment for diabetes?

A. Albert Einstein
B. Frederick Banting
C. Mary Marcon
D. Gregor Mendel
E. Kevin McCormack

A

B.

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17
Q

What type of diabetes is known as independent-insulin diabetes?

A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3c
D. Gestational

A

B.

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18
Q

Where is excess glucose stored in the body?

A. Pancreas
B. Adrenal Glands
C. Liver
D. Thymus

A

C.

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19
Q

Which of these statements describes Hyperglycemia?

A. Hyperglycemia happens if too much insulin is made by the pancreas.
B. The development of hyperglycemia occurs when too much glucagon is signaled by the pancreas into the body.
C. Hyperglycemia is when there is a high amount of sugar in the blood.
D. Hyperglycemia is a type of treatment to cure diabetes by taking drugs.
E. All of the above

A

C.

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20
Q

What is shed during menstruation?

A. Blood only
B. Uterine lining
C. Unfertilized Egg
D. Hormones

A

B.

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21
Q

How long does a typical period last?

A. 1-3 days
B. 3-7 days
C. 7-10 days
D. 10-14 days

A

B.

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22
Q

What is the main function of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

A. Stimulates ovulation
B. Prepares uterine lining for pregnancy
C. Develops ovarian follicles
S. Triggers menstruation

A

B.

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22
Q

What happens during the luteal phase if pregnancy does NOT occur?

A. Estrogen levels increase
B. Progesterone levels drop
C. Uterine lining thickens
D. Egg is fertilized

A

B.

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23
Q

What can cause irregular periods?

A. Stress
B. Weight changes
C. Hormonal imbalances
D. All of the above

A

D.

23
Q

What is the role of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?

A. Maintain the uterine lining
B. Stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles
C. Release the egg
D. Trigger menstruation

A

C.

24
Q

What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?

A. Nourishes the developing fetus
B. Helps expel waste products from the fetus
C. Provides oxygen to the fetus
D. All of the above

A

D.

25
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A

B.

25
Q

What happens during fertilization in the human reproductive process?

A. The egg remains viable for 24-48 hours after ovulation
B. Sperm penetrates the egg’s follicle layer, and the egg prevents other sperm from entering by releasing calcium
C. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube within 24 hours of ovulation
D. The zygote immediately starts developing into a fetus upon fusion

A

B.

26
Q

Which phase involves the shedding of the uterine lining?

A. Ovulation phase
B. Follicular phase
C. Menstrual phase
D. All of the above

A

C.

27
Q

Where are receptor molecules for steroid hormones located in the target tissues?

A. The nucleus
B. On the cell membrane
C. In the cytosol
D. In the mitochondria

A

C.

28
Q

Which hormone is responsible for regulating the female reproductive cycle?

A. Testosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Estrogen

A

C.

28
Q

What are synthetic hormones designed to do?

A. Replace damaged cells
B. Mimic natural hormones
C. Create new hormones
D. Destroy natural hormones

A

B.

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of testosterone?

A. Muscle development
B. Regulate salt and water balance
C. Activate metabolic genes
D. Build muscle mass

A

B.

30
Q

What is the primary use of anabolic steroids in sports?

A. Enhancing endurance
B. Improve reaction time
C. Fast recovery
D. Build muscle mass

A

D.

31
Q

What is the medical use of synthetic hormones in organ transplant patients?

A. Stimulating the immune system
B. Suppress the immune system
C. Reduce inflammation in the organs
D. Increase oxygen-carrying capacity

A

B.

32
Q

Why are synthetic hormones viewed negatively?

A. Illegal
B. They cause immediate harm to the body
C. Often misused in sports
D. Produced illegally

A

C.

32
Q

Which of the following conditions is treated with synthetic hormones?

A. Diabetes
B. Asthma
C. High Blood Pressure
D. Osteoporosis

A

B.

32
Q

What is the primary source of steroid hormones in the body?

A. Cholesterol
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipids

A

A.

33
Q

Which is NOT a side effect of anabolic steroids in men?

A. Shrinking testicles
B. Breast Development
C. Baldness
D. Increased reproductive ability

A

D.

34
Q

What hormone(s) are released after GnRH is released?

Lefties and fishes
LH and FSH
Insulin and Melatonin
Estrogen

A

LH and FSH

35
Q

Where is sperm made?

The testes/testicles
The urethra
The head of the penis
The bladder

A

The testes/testicles

35
Q

What is NOT a symptom of male hypogonadism?

Decreased sex drive
Depression
Decreased energy
Uncontrollable bladder

A

Uncontrollable bladder

36
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system?

Produces, maintains, and transports sperm.
Produces androgens such as testosterone.
Discharges sperm during sexual intercourse in order for reproduction to occur.
All of the above.

A

All of the above.

37
Q

What is the chemical formula for testosterone?

O2
C6H12O6
C19H28O2
None of the above.

A

C19H28O2

38
Q

What is the function of the Urethra?

To mature the sperm.
Releases testosterone.
Carries urine and semen to the outside of the body.
Brings sperm to Vas Deferens.

A

Carries urine and semen to the outside of the body.

39
Q
  1. What is the main role of Sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
               a. Nourish developing sperm cells through its stages in spermatogenesis
           b. Provide supply of spermatogonia for meiosis
           c. Receptor cells that sense unwanted chemicals
           d. None of the above
A

a.

40
Q
  1. What is spermatogenesis?
    a. Part of the male reproductive system where vas deferens & seminal
    vesicles meet
    b. The process of formation of female gametes
    c. The first book of the Bible
    d. The production and development of sperm in the testes
A

d.

41
Q
  1. What is the cause of Erectile dysfunction?
    a. Age
    b. Substance use
    c. Depression
    d. Drinking
    e. Anxiety
    f. All of the above
A

f.

42
Q

What is the correct sequence of these stages in spermatogenesis?
a. Spermatogonia -> primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes
-> spermatids -> spermatozoa
b. Spermatogonia -> secondary spermatocytes -> primary spermatocytes
-> spermatids -> spermatozoa
c. Primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes -> spermatogonia
-> spermatozoa -> spermatids

A

a.

43
Q

What roles does the endocrine system have in regulating the female reproductive system?

Controls the immune response
Regulates the development of sexual characteristics, menstrual cycle and fertility
Controls the brain’s response and production of blood cells
Regulates oxygen levels

A

Regulates the development of sexual characteristics, menstrual cycle and fertility

44
Q

What hormone helps regulate ovulation?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Melatonin
Insulin
Adrenaline

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

45
Q

What is endometriosis?

When ovaries can’t produce hormones

The thickening of the uterine lining and formation of lesions or cysts in the ovaries
When the reproductive system stops functioning
Excessive release of estrogen

A

The thickening of the uterine lining and formation of lesions or cysts in the ovaries

46
Q

What is NOT a symptom of endometriosis?

Stomach problems
Heavy bleeding or spotting during periods
Fertility
Painful menstrual cramps

A

Fertility

47
Q

What treatments are available to help endometriosis?

Birth control pills
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Danazol
All of the above

A

All of the above

48
Q

What happens to the endometrium when it has thickened and is not in use?

It keeps thickening until a fertilized egg is in the uterus
Nothing happens
It dissolves, which then flows out of the vagina
It stops thickening and stays in the same state until a fertilized egg is in the uterus

A

It dissolves, which then flows out of the vagina

49
Q

What is the function of ovaries?

Connects the outside of the body to the cervix
Location for fertilized egg development
Thickens for pregnancy and dissolves when not fertilized
Produces and releases estrogen and eggs

A

Produces and releases estrogen and eggs

50
Q

Which systems are connected to the female reproductive system?
Endocrine system
Immune system
Nervous system
All of the above

A

All of the above

51
Q

What is the role of LH (Luteinizing Hormone)?
Regulates the menstrual cycle
Triggers ovulation and supports early stages of pregnancy
Stimulates ovarian follicles to release eggs
Both A and C

A

Triggers ovulation and supports early stages of pregnancy

52
Q

What happens during menopause?
Nothing happens
Hormone levels rise to initiate necessary body changes for pregnancy
A decline in hormones take place and adjustments are made to other systems
Hormone levels skyrocket and individuals start to feel high doses of dopamine

A

A decline in hormones take place and adjustments are made to other systems

Bio Quiz (6 decks)

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