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Bio Quiz > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus?

A. Releasing all hormones directly
B. Acting as the connection between the endocrine and nervous systems
C. Regulating voluntary muscle movements
D. Storing hormones for the pituitary gland

A

B.

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2
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A. In the spinal cord
B. In the frontal lobe of the brain
C. Directly above the pituitary gland
D. In the adrenal gland

A

C.

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3
Q

Which hormone is NOT synthesized by the hypothalamus?

A. Oxytocin
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Growth hormone (GH)
D. Vasopressin

A

C.

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4
Q

What is the primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A. Regulating hunger and thirst
B. Controlling body temperature
C. Managing the body’s day and night cycle
D. Synthesizing ADH

A

C.

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5
Q

What is the main difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary glands?

A. The anterior stores hormones; the posterior synthesizes them.
B. The anterior releases most hormones; the posterior stores and releases hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus.
C. The anterior regulates reproduction; the posterior regulates digestion.
D. The anterior controls involuntary processes; the posterior controls voluntary ones.

A

B.

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6
Q

Which of the following is NOT a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland?

A. Prolactin
B. Growth hormone (GH)
C. Oxytocin
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

C.

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7
Q

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A. Stimulating uterine contractions
B. Increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys
C. Regulating skin pigmentation
D. Stimulating red blood cell production

A

B.

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8
Q

Which hormone plays a key role in milk ejection during breastfeeding?

A. Prolactin
B. Growth hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. ACTH

A

C.

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9
Q

Which of the following best describes the chain of command in the endocrine system?

A. Pituitary → Hypothalamus → Glands → Organs
B. Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Glands → Organs
C. Glands → Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Organs
D. Organs → Hypothalamus → Pituitary → Glands

A

B.

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10
Q

What is an example of a hormone that the pituitary gland releases to stimulate other glands?

A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B. Oxytocin
C. Vasopressin
D. Endorphins

A

A.

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11
Q

What is the Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland most important for?

A. Maintaining homeostasis
B. Communicating with each other with hormones
C. Make sure you get hungry
D. Lactating

A

A.

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12
Q

What are the Hypothalamus and Pituitary glands attached by?

A. Thyroid tissue
B. The stalk of nerves and blood vessels
C. Arteries
D. Muscle

A

B.

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13
Q

Which hormone does the Pituitary gland NOT create?

A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D. Oxytocin

A

C.

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14
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of Kallman Syndrome

A. Enlarged limbs
B. Always hungry
C. Infertile
D. Unable to go through puberty

A

D.

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15
Q

What is Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS)

A. Abnormal amounts of cortisol
B. Shrunken or flat pituitary gland
C. Infertility and very tall
D. Low sexual development

A

B.

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16
Q

The Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland are the…

A. Captains of the endocrine system
B. Support group
C. Communicators
D. Exterminators

A

A.

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17
Q

Without the Hypothalamus and Pituitary…

A. Everything is bad
B. The body cannot achieve homeostasis
C. Your brain stops working
D. Limbs start falling off

A

B.

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18
Q

Infertility and milky discharge from the nipples is a symptom of

A. Cushing’s disease
B. Hypopituitarism
C. Hyperprolactinemia
D. Obesity

A

C.

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19
Q

What will your body do when you have a fever to maintain homeostasis?

A. Get very hot to kill off the virus
B. Get very cold to freeze the virus to death
C. Stay the same so you can take medicine
D. Shut down and not wake up until the fever is over

A

A.

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20
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A. Below the pituitary
B. In between the two cerebral hemispheres
C. Next to the pituitary
D. In the back of your neck

A

B.

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21
Q

Where is the Anterior Pituitary Gland located?

A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Kidneys

A

B.

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22
Q

How small is the gland?

A. The size of your brain
B. Microscopic - bacteria sized
C. Pea-sized
D. Palm-sized

A

C.

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23
Q

Which hormone does the Anterior Pituitary Gland NOT produce?

A. Prolactin
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C. Oxytocin
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

C.

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24
Q

What is the function of Gonadtrophins?

A. regulate the secretion of sex hormones
B. stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones
C. stimulates the growth of soft tissue
D. promotes darkening of the skin

A

A.

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25
Q

What is the function of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A. Stimulates breast development
B. Stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue
C. Stimulates secretion of glucoids
D. Regulate secretion of sex hormones

A

C.

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26
Q

What is the condition called that overproduces prolactin?

A. Acromegaly
B. Prolactinoma
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Osteoporosis

A

B.

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27
Q

What is the condition called where you overproduce growth hormones?

A. Acromegaly
B. Prolactinoma
C. Hypothyroidism
D. osteoporosis

A

A.

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28
Q

How many hormones does the Anterior Pituitary Gland secrete?

4
5
6
7

A

6

29
Q

What does Prolactin do?

A. Stimulates secretion of glucoids
B. Milk production and breast development
C. increases blood volume and pressure
D. promotes uterine contractions

A

B.

30
Q

What does Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) do?

A. Stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue
B. Stimulates secretion of glucoids
C. Growth of the thyroid gland
D. Promotes darkening of skin

A

D.

31
Q

What doesn’t the thyroid (not including the parathyroid) release?

a) Thyroxine
b) Calcitonin
c) PTH
d) Triiodothyronine

A

c)

32
Q

The thyroid and parathyroid balance the concentration of which element in the blood?

a) Calcium
b) Iodine
c) Oxygen
d) Sulfur

A

a)

33
Q

When the parathyroid releases PTH, which of the following doesn’t act

A. Kidneys
B. Hypothalamus
C. Bones
D. Intestines

A

B.

34
Q

Thyroxine is abbreviated to…

A. T4
B. T3
C. TXE
D. There is no abbreviation

A

A.

35
Q

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine contribute to cellular respiration by making sure they take enough _______

A. ATP
B. Oxygen
C. H2O
D. CO2

A

B.

36
Q

What doesn’t happen when PTH is underproduced

A. Muscles twitch
B. Muscles contract
C. Cramps are formed
D. A goiter develops

A

D.

37
Q
  1. When there is a lack of iodine, what forms as a result

A. Goiter
B. Kidney stones
C. Calcium deposits
D. Weakened bones

A

A.

38
Q

What is the order of glands used to secrete thyroid hormones?

A. Pituitary, thyroid, hypothalamus
B. Thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamus
C. Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid
D. Hypothalamus, thyroid, pituitary

A

C.

39
Q

In what order are hormones released to regulate high blood calcium concentration

A. Calcitonin, TRH, TSH
B. TRH, TSH, Calcitonin
C. TSH, TRH, Calcitonin
D. TRH, Calcitonin, TSH

A

B.

40
Q

Where can you find your thyroid?

A. Underneath your adam’s apple
B. Above your adam’s apple
C. The side of your neck
D. The back of your neck

A

A.

41
Q
  1. What is the thyroid?

a. Endocrine gland, located at the back of the neck.
b. It is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the back of the neck.
c. It is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland at the front of the neck.
d. It is a small, pea-shaped gland at the front of the neck.

A

c.

42
Q
  1. Which sentence is correct?

a. Thyroid glands are controlled by the hypothalamus pituitary system. Hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland, which, in turn, controls other endocrine glands.
b. The hypothalamus is the region of the brain controlled by the pituitary gland.
c. Thyroid glands are stimulated just by the hypothalamus.
d. Thyroid hormones are balanced by positive feedback loops.

A

a.

43
Q
  1. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are…

a. Hormones produced by parathyroid.
b. Hormones produced by parathyroid, found in most of the cells to increase metabolic rate
c. Hormones produced by thyroid in bone cells, essential for normal body growth.
d. Hormones produced by thyroid in most cells and are essential for body growth, increasing the
metabolic rate.

A

d.

44
Q
  1. Calcitonin is a hormone used to regulate the amount of calcium in your blood, in fact:

a. This hormone raises the level of Ca2+ when calcium levels decrease under the normal range.
b. This hormone lowers the level of Ca2+ when calcium levels decrease under the normal range.
c. This hormone lowers the level of Ca2+ in the blood when calcium levels in the blood rise above the
normal range.
d. This hormone lowers the level of Ca2+ in the blood when calcium levels in the blood, increasing the
release of calcium from bones.

A

c.

45
Q
  1. The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known as T4 because it contains four iodine atoms. What
    happens in absence of this element?

a. The body is able anyway to produce thyroxine.
b. The body is not able to produce thyroxine, and it overstimulates thyroid resulting in goiter condition.
c. The body cannot produce thyroxine, and the pituitary gland doesn’t stimulate the thyroid anymore.
d. The body is able anyway to produce thyroxine, since iodine can be produced by our organism.

A

b.

46
Q
  1. How are the concentration of thyroid hormones kept at balanced levels in the blood?

a. When levels of T3 and T4 decrease below normal, the hypothalamus releases thyroid regulating
hormones, which acts directly on the thyroid gland to produce more hormones, raising their levels in
the blood.
b. When levels of T3 and T4 increase above normal, thyroid gland is stimulated to produce more
hormones, raising their levels in the blood, through positive feedback control.
c. When levels of T3 and T4 decrease below normal, the hypothalamus releases thyroid regulating
hormones, which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone that
stimulate thyroid to produce more T3 and T4 hormones.
d. When levels of T3 and T4 decrease below normal, the pituitary gland releases thyroid regulating
hormones, which act directly on the thyroid gland to produce more hormones, raising their levels in
the blood. The hypothalamus is not involved.

A

c.

47
Q
  1. Which of the following sentences is false?

a. Parathyroid glands are pea-sized endocrine glands that are embedded in the back of thyroid.
b. Parathyroid glands produce and release only PTH, parathyroid hormones.
c. Parathyroid hormones are responsible for controlling blood calcium levels and are released in bones,
kidneys and intestines.
d. Parathyroid hormones are responsible for controlling blood calcium levels only in bones.

A

d.

48
Q
  1. How do parathyroid hormones (PTH) control the Ca2+ level in the blood?

a. PTH are released by parathyroid glands to raise the level of Ca2+ in the blood to set point,
stimulating the release of calcium from the bone and increasing Ca2+ uptake in kidneys and
intestines.
b. PTH stimulates Ca2+ release from bone and Ca2+ uptake in kidneys and in intestines when levels of
calcium in the blood are above the normal range.
c. PTH inhibits Ca2+ release from bone and decreases Ca2+ uptake in kidneys and in intestines when
levels of calcium in the blood are above the normal range.
d. PTH decreases the level of calcium in the blood when its level decreases under the normal range
through positive feedback control.

A

a.

49
Q
  1. What happens in the case of lack of calcium in the blood?

a. The lack of calcium leads to increasing storage of it in the bones, so that it is not released in the
blood.
b. The lack of calcium results in the loss of so much calcium from the bones that they become thin and
fragile. This condition is known as osteoporosis.
c. The lack of calcium results in the storage of calcium in the bones, preventing them from becoming
thin and fragile. This condition is known as osteoporosis.
d. None of the above

A

b.

50
Q

What hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland?

A) Oxytocin and cortisol
B) Growth hormone and adrenaline
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

A

C)

51
Q

Where are the hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland produced?

A) In the adrenal glands
B) In the thyroid gland
C) In the hypothalamus
D) In the pancreas

A

C)

52
Q

How are the hormones transported to the posterior pituitary gland?

A) Through the bloodstream
B) Through nerve cells from the hypothalamus
C) Through lymphatic vessels
D) By capillaries directly from the hypothalamus

A

B)

53
Q

What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do in the body?

A) Stimulates the absorption of water from the urine in the kidneys
B) Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands
C) Stimulates the production of red blood cells
D) Increases blood sugar levels

A

A)

54
Q

When is ADH released from the posterior pituitary gland?

A) When there is a decrease in blood sodium concentration
B) When a person is asleep
C) When the body is dehydrated or after consuming a salty meal
D) After a stressful situation has ended

A

C)

55
Q

What effect do ethanol and caffeine have on ADH secretion?

A) They inhibit ADH secretion
B) They have no effect on ADH secretion
C) They stimulate the release of oxytocin
D) They increase ADH secretion

A

A)

56
Q

What role does ADH play when there is severe blood loss or a drop in blood pressure?

A) It increases urine production to flush toxins
B) It stimulates the secretion of insulin
C) It helps maintain blood pressure by reducing water loss and constricting blood vessels
D) It decreases the permeability of the kidneys to water

A

C)

57
Q

What function does oxytocin serve in breastfeeding?

A) It stimulates the release of milk from the mammary glands
B) It stimulates the production of milk
C) It reduces blood pressure
D) It increases the volume of urine

A

A)

58
Q

How does the release of oxytocin during breastfeeding work?

A) Oxytocin causes smooth muscle contractions around the mammary glands to expel milk
B) Oxytocin reduces the amount of milk produced
C) Oxytocin blocks the release of prolactin
D) The release of milk is controlled by negative feedback

A

A)

59
Q

What additional role does oxytocin play in males?

A) It is secreted into seminal fluid and stimulates uterine contractions during ejaculation
B) It stimulates the production of sperm in the testes
C) It increases blood flow to the reproductive organs
D) It inhibits the movement of sperm through the female reproductive tract

A

A)

60
Q

Which of the following is a real difference between the function of the posterior and anterior pituitary glands?

A. The anterior gland stores and releases hormones whereas the posterior gland also synthesizes
B. The Anterior lobe is double the size of the posterior gland
C. The Posterior gland stores and releases hormones whereas the Anterior gland also synthesizes
D. The Anterior gland is responsible for managing kidneys ability to reabsorb water

A

C.

61
Q

Which of the following statements is True?

A. The anterior pituitary gland gets hormones from the hypothalamus
B. The posterior pituitary gland synthesizes its own hormones
C. The anterior pituitary gland only synthesizes 2 hormones
D. The posterior pituitary gland gets hormones from the hypothalamus

A

D.

62
Q

Which of the following circumstances leads to Central diabetes insipidus?

A. Hypersecretion of ADH
B. Hyposecretion of ADH
C. Hypersecretion of Oxytocin
D. Hyposecretion of Oxytocin

A

B.

63
Q

Where are the hormones ADH and Oxytocin synthesized?

A. Anterior pituitary glands
B. Hypothalamus
C. Posterior pituitary glands
D. Pituitary stalk

A

B.

64
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary gland?

A. Hormones
B. Nerve impulses
C. Temperature changes
D. Blood vessels

A

B.

65
Q

Which of the following is not responsible for disorders in the posterior pituitary gland?

A. Damage to hypothalamus
B. Stroke
C. Heart attack
D. Medications

A

C.

66
Q

How many hormones are released in total from both lobes of the pituitary gland?

A. 6
B. 2
C. 7
D. 9

A

D.

67
Q

Which of the aforementioned functions are hormones from the posterior pituitary gland not responsible for?

A. Sexual functions
B. Reproductive functions
C. Digestive functions
D. Urinary functions

A

C.

68
Q

What does Oxytocin do?

A. Causes uterus to go through contractions, causes breast milk production
B. Affects kidneys ability to reabsorb water, increases likelihood of intolerances or allergies
C. Causes breast milk production, affects kidneys ability to reabsorb water
D. increases likelihood of intolerances or allergies, Causes uterus to go through contractions

A

A.

69
Q

What would a Hypersecretion of ADH cause?

A. Waste concentrated blood
B. Normal blood
C. Kidney failure
D. Water concentrated blood

A

D.

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