Endocrine System 2 Flashcards
Location of Thyroid Gland
Mediastinum –> inferior to the cartilage of larynx
Thyroid Cartilage of Larynx
Adams apple
Thyroid Gland 2 lobes
left and right connected by the isthmus wrap around the predominantly made up of thyroid follicles
isthmus of thyroid gland
connects 2 loves of thyroid gland
Trachea
Tube wind pipe / rings of hyalin cartilage / incomplete c shape / runs behind the esophagus
Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland
only some people have it extends up from the isthmus superiorly
Thyroid follicles
little round sac like structures / each sac has an exterior + inferior storage area microscope / millions all packed together
T thyrocyte
Exterior wall / When stimulated by TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4
T3
triiodothyronine
T4
tetraiodothyronine
Thyroglobulin TGB
inferior storage / stored space inside the follicle required for synthesis of t3 and t4
C thyrocytes
located between follicles however sometime located within walls produce hormone called calcitonin
CT
Reduces blood calcium / inhibits osteoclast activity
4 functions
- oxygen use 2. basal metabolic rate 3. cellular metabolism 4. growth and development
Hypothyroidism
under secretion of thyroid hormones + genetic disorder
Myxedema
not treatable / facial swelling / lower HR / lower body temp / dry hair and skin
Qoiter
Common in places where low amounts of iodine is consumed dont have enough iodine to produce T3 and T4
Size of parathyroid glands
pea or raison embedded on back of the 2 thyroid lobes
Dense principal parathyroid cell
much greater in number than pale cells (Parathormone)
Pale principal parathyroid cell
very little known / larger then dense cells
Capsule
around the thyroid parathyroid / even though embedded, still a capsule between them
PTH functions 1
- increase blood Ca and Mg in opposition to calcitonin raising blood Ca indirectly causes osteoclast activity to break down more bone and release it into the blood
2 PTH functions
promote calcitriol formation in the kidneys / active form of vitamin D+ calcium from digestive tract (stomach/small intestine)
Shape of suprarenal glands
pyramidal / 4 sided
Suprarenal gland
right and left / contain cuter cortex + inner medulla
Vascular
highly be producing hormones which have to make their way into blood supply be transported
Suprarenal Cortex
Just deep to the capsule comprised of 3 distinct layers of cells
