Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the endocrine system? What kind of message does it send?
A series of glands that secrete chemicals which impact bodily functions. It helps to control metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
What part of the brain is the “master regulator” of the endocrine system?
The pituitary gland
What endocrine glands secrete which hormones?
Pituitary Gland- Growth Hormone
Adrenal Gland- Glucocorticoids
Thyroid Gland- Thyroid Hormone
Pancreas- Insulin
Parathyroid- Parathormone
Testes- Testosterone
Ovaries- Estrogen
What are the differences between the anterior and posterior pituitary glands anatomy?
Posterior Pituitary Gland- primarily stores + releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary Gland- produces + secretes its own hormones
Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland vs the anterior pituitary glans?
Anterior Pituitary Gland- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Prolactin, Growth Hormone (GH)
FLAT PeG squishes ANT
What are the 2 hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland and what do they do?
Antidiuretic hormone- water reabsorption
Oxytocin- uterine contraction, lactation, sexual arousal and intimacy
What happens when to much or too little hormones are released?
Growth Hormone- To much: gigantism and acromegaly To little: decreased health and dwarfism
Cortisol- Too much: breakdown of muscle and bone To little: impaired glucose metabolism, poor health, unable to handle stress
Thyroid- To much (hyperthyroidism): nervous, low body weight, tachycardia (fast HR), heat intolerance, muscle wasting To little (hypothyroidism)- lethargic, weight gain, bradycardia (slow HR), cold intolerance, weakness
Parathyroid- To much (hyperparathyroidism): osteoporosis, slow movement To little (hypoparathyroidism): increased rigidity of muscles
What are 3 different types of pancreatic cells? What do they produce?
Alpha cells- produce glucagon
Beta cells- produce insulin
Delta cells- produce somatostatin (inhibit glucagon + insulin)
What is the difference between insulin and glucagon? When are they released? What is their function?
Insulin- released when blood glucose is too high, increases glucose uptake/storage in tissues, decreases blood glucose levels
Glucagon- releases when blood glucose os too low, increases glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, raises blood glucose levels
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1- Inadequate insulin production, juvenile onset
Type 2- decreased tissue response to insulin
How does luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) impact men vs women? What does it stimulate/cause to be produced?
They regulate the menstrual cycle
LH- stimulates ovulation, progesterone
FSH- promotes follicle development, estrogen
What is needed for sperm formation? What is needed to prepare the uterine wall?
Testosterone is produced in the testicles (leading cells)
Estrogen is produced in the ovaries (developing follicle)
What causes the follicle to be released? What stimulates ovulation? What prevents the uterine wall from being shed after implantation?
Increase LH levels cause the follicle to be released stimulating ovulation. Progesterone from the corpus luteum prevents the uterine wall from ebbing shed.
