Axial Skeleton Musculature

Question 1

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 1

Frontalis: fulls scalp anteriorly
Occipitalis: Retracts scalp

Question 2

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 2

Orbital: forcible closure of eye
Palpebral: gentle closure of eye

Question 3

Corrugator Supercilii

Answer 3

Pulls eyebrow inferior + medial

Question 4

Nasalis

Answer 4

Flares nostrils

Question 5

Procerus

Answer 5

Moves + wrinkles nose

Question 6

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 6

Closes oral fissure, protrudes lips, compresses lips against teeth

Question 7

Buccinator

Answer 7

Compresses cheeks against teeth, assists in chewing, blowing, and sucking

Question 8

Zygomaticus major and minor

Answer 8

Draws angle of mouth up + in

Question 9

Risorious

Answer 9

Draws corner of lips laterally

Question 10

Levator Labii Superioris

Answer 10

Elevates upper lip, flares nose

Question 11

Levator Angeli Oris

Answer 11

Elevates corner of mouth

Question 12

Depressor Anguli Oris

Answer 12

Draws corner of mouth inferior + lateral

Question 13

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Answer 13

Depress lower lip

Question 14

Mentalis

Answer 14

protrudes lower lip, elevates chin skin

Question 15

Platysma

Answer 15

tenses skin on anterior neck

Question 16

What are the 4 muscles of mastication, their actions, and innervations?

Answer 16

Muscles: Temoralis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
Action: chewing
Innervation: trigeminal nerve

Question 17

What are the 4 tongue muscles and nerve?

Answer 17

Muscles: Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Stlyoglossus, Palatoglossus
Innervation: hypoglossal nerve

Question 18

What nerves/actions are associated with the muscles of the eye?

Answer 18

Superior, inferior, and medial rectus nerves are innervated by CN 3 (oculomotor), lateral rectus is innervated by CN 6 (abducens), The rectus muscles provide movement up and down and side to side
Superior Oblique CN 4 (trochlear), allows for medial rotation of eye (down and in)
Inferior Oblique CN 3 (oculomotor), allows lateral rotation of eye (up and out)
((SO4)(LR6))3

Question 19

What are the muscles of inspiration vs expiration? How do these muscles change based on the type of breathing?

Answer 19

inspiration: diaphragm + external intercostal
Inspiration accessory muscles: sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
expiration: passive
Forced expiration: internal intercostal, abdominal muscles, transversus thoracis

Question 20

What structure passes through the diaphragm? At which vertebral Levels?

Answer 20

Caval Hiatus- inferior vena cava, phrenic nerve, lymphatics (T8)
Esophageal Hiatus- vagus nerve, esophagus, esophagus vessels (T10)
Aortic Hiatus- Aorta, hemispheres/azygos veins, thoracic duct (T12)

Question 21

What nerve innervates the muscles of the face?

Answer 21

facial nerve