Brain

Question 1

What are the 4 main regions of the brain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem
Diencephalon

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of meninges (outside to inside)? What is the function?

Answer 2

Dura matter
Arachnoid matter
Pia matter
Meninges are membranes that cover and protect the central nervous system.

Question 3

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum and their functions?

Answer 3

Frontal- speech, “thought”, muscle control
Parietal- sensation interpretation
Temporal- recognition center, auditory and olfactory cortexes
Occipital- visual center

Question 4

What is the difference between a gyrus and sulcus?

Answer 4

Gyrus is a raised elevation
Sulcus is a shallow groove
Both allow for more surface area

Question 5

What is the difference between Broca’s and Wernicke’s area?

Answer 5

Broca’s area is found in the frontal lobe and affects speech production (broken speech).
Wernicke’s area is found in the temporal lobe and affects language comprehension (what are you saying?).

Question 6

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 6

Smooths out movement provided by the frontal lobe. Located below the occipital lobe.

Question 7

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem (superior to inferior) and what are their functions?

Answer 7

Midbrain- wakefulness, visual and auditory reflexes
Pons- respiratory center, aids in deep sleep, and controls CN 5, 6, 7, 8
Medulla oblongata- cardiovascular control, respiratory rhythmicity center

Question 8

What is found in the diencephalon? What does each part do?

Answer 8

Thalamus- relay sensory information
Hypothalamus- thirst, body temp, sex drive, weight control
Epithalamus- produces melatonin

Question 9

What is the role of the limbic system?

Answer 9

Establishes emotions and facilitates memory

Question 10

What are the main arteries of the Circle of Willis and why are they important?

Answer 10

Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery
provides an alternate route for blood flow for the brain

Question 11

What is the flow of venous blood from the dural sinuses to the internal jugular vein?

Answer 11

Superior sagittal sinuses, inferior sagittal sinuses go to the confluence of sinuses then to the transverse, then sigmoid, then IJV

Question 12

How does the flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the lateral ventricle to the central canal?

Answer 12

lateral ventricles, inter ventricular foramina, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, forth ventricle, then central canal