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Points and Channel location > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

1 .Growth hormone - Stimulate bone and muscle

  1. Thyroid stimulating hormone
  2. Adrencorto tropic - Stimulate the adrenal cortex
  3. Follicle stimulating hormone - production of egg and sperm
  4. Lutenizing hormone - release of egg and sperm
  5. Prolactin - Stimulate milk production
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2
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin- releases milk from breast + bonding hormone

Antidiuretic- prevent water overload and dehydration

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3
Q

Thyroid

A

Thyroid Hormone
Calcitonin

BOTH ENERGY PRODUCTION

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4
Q

Parathyroid

A

Parathyroid Hormone -
Increases Ca2+

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5
Q

Adrenal cortex - LONG TERM STRESS RESPONSE

A

mineralcorticoids - INCREASE mineral content

Glucocorticoids- INCREASE glucose levels in the blood - this is the long term stress response -

Gonadcorticoids- sexual response

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6
Q

Adrenal Medulla - SHORT TERM STRESS RESPONSE

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. NOR Epinephine
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7
Q

Pancreas

A

Glucagon -Incraese blood glucose

Insulin - decrease blood glucose

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8
Q

Ovaries

A
  1. estrogen
  2. progestrone

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES

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9
Q

Testies

A

Testosterone

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10
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin -
body rythem

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11
Q

AUTOcrines

A

AUTOcrines - chemicals that exert their effects on the same cells that produce them

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12
Q

Paracrines-

A

Locally acting chemicles that affect cells other than those that secrete them

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13
Q

Hormones

A

Long distance acting chemicals

Regulate the metabloloc function of other cells

have lag times ranging from seconds to hours

Tend to have prolonged affects

Are classified as aminoacid based hormones or steriods

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14
Q

Eicosanoids

A

biologically active lipids with local hormones like activity

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15
Q

Target Cell Specificity

A

Hormones circulate to all tissues but only activate
cells referred to as target cells
▪ Target cells must have specific receptors to which
the hormone binds
▪ These receptors may be intracellular or located on
the plasma membrane

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16
Q

Concentration of the circulating hormone reflect

A

rate of release
speed of inactivation and removal from the body

17
Q

Hormones are removed from the blood by

A

Dgrasding enzymes
Kidneys
Liver Enzyme systems

18
Q

Humoral stimuli

A

secretion of hormones in direct
response to changing blood levels of ions and
nutrients

19
Q

Neural Stimuli

A

Neural stimuli – nerve
fibers stimulate hormone
release
▪ Preganglionic
sympathetic nervous
system (SNS) fibers
stimulate the adrenal
medulla to secrete
catecholamines

20
Q

Hormonal Stimuli

A

release of hormones in response
to hormones produced by other endocrine organs

The hypothalamic hormones stimulate the anterior
pituitary
▪ In turn, pituitary hormones stimulate targets to
secrete still more hormones

21
Q

Nervous System Modulation

A

The nervous system can override normal endocrine
controls
▪ For example, control of blood glucose levels
▪ Normally the endocrine system maintains blood
glucose
▪ Under stress, the body needs more glucose
▪ The hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous
system are activated to supply ample glucose

22
Q

Pituitary-Hypothalamic Relationships:
Posterior Lobe

A

Has a neural connection with the hypothalamus
(hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract)
▪ Nuclei of the hypothalamus synthesize oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
▪ These hormones are transported to the posterior
pituitary

23
Q

The six hormones of the adenohypophysis: anterior lobe

A

Are abbreviated as GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH,
and PRL
▪ Regulate the activity of other endocrine glands

24
Q

Effects of Thyroid Hormone

A

TH is concerned with:
▪ Glucose oxidation
▪ Increasing metabolic rate
▪ Heat production
▪ TH plays a role in:
▪ Maintaining blood pressure
▪ Regulating tissue growth
▪ Developing skeletal and nervous systems
▪ Maturation and reproductive capabilities

25
Q

Calcitonin targets the skeleton

A

▪ Inhibits osteoclast activity (and thus bone
resorption) and release of calcium from the bone
matrix
▪ Stimulates calcium uptake and incorporation into
the bone matrix
▪ Regulated by a humoral (calcium ion concentration
in the blood) negative feedback mechanism

26
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by:
▪ Rising blood levels of K+
▪ Low blood Na+
▪ Decreasing blood volume or pressure

27
Q

Rods

A

▪ Rods respond to low-intensity light and provide night and peripheral vision.

28
Q

Cones

A

Cones are bright-light, high-discrimination receptors that provide colour
vision.

29
Q

Anything that must be viewed precisely is focused on the

A

cone-rich fovea
centralis.

30
Q
A

Points and Channel location (16 decks)

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