endocrine system

Question 1

predator and prey endocrine system connection

Answer 1

flight or flight response governed by hormones

Question 2

endocrine system

Answer 2

internal secretion
*hormones

Question 3

paracrine system

Answer 3

regional signaling; ex. between organs in GI tract

Question 4

autocrine system

Answer 4

self secretion signaling between cells; ex immune system

Question 5

exocrine system

Answer 5

external secretion; pheromones

Question 6

2 types of hormones

Answer 6

hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 7

hydrophilic hormones

Answer 7

require cell surface receptor
*peptide hormones (oxytocin, ADH)
*amine hormones (derived from amino acids)

Question 8

hydrophobic hormones

Answer 8

hormone receptor complex in cytoplasm bc can cross lipid bilayer easily
*steroid hormones (progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, cholesterol)
- corticosteroids and sex steroids

Question 9

differences between hydrophobic and hydrophilic hormones

Answer 9

• abundance (hydrophilic more abundant)
• how they enter cell
  -signaling time
  -effect lasting time

Question 10

which type of hormone last longer

Answer 10

hydrophobic
*therefore broader impact

Question 11

which type of hormone response is quicker

Answer 11

hydrophillic

Question 12

hypothalamus role in endocrine system

Answer 12

releasing factors to pituitary gland

Question 13

pituitary gland targets

Answer 13

thyroid, adrenal glands (only in endocrine system)
lungs, kidneys, digestive tract

Question 14

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 14

hormones made in hypothalamus, stored in posterior, neurons in hypothalamus signal release

Question 15

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 15

neurons in the hypothalamus signal releasing factor to create and release more hormones

Question 16

pituitary targets that ONLY function as part of endocrine system

Answer 16

thyroid, adrenal glands

Question 17

pituitary targets that have endocrine AND other functions

Answer 17

lungs, kidneys, digestive tract

Question 18

hypothalmus function

Answer 18

transmit signals (release factors) to pituitary gland; neurosecretory cells -> releasing hormones

Question 19

tropic hormones

Answer 19

hormones that control the release of other hormones:
FSH, LH, ACTH, thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 20

FSH and LH

Answer 20

ovaries release estrogen and testes produce testosterone

Question 21

ACTH

Answer 21

adrenal glands release cortisol

Question 22

direct hormones and functions

Answer 22

• prolactin: stimulate lactation
• endorphins
• growth hormone

Question 23

posterior pituitary gland hormones (stores)

Answer 23

oxytocin and ADH/ vasopressin

Question 24

oxytocin function

Answer 24

• female reproductive
• contractions during birth

Question 25

Vasopressin function

Answer 25

- kidneys (conc of urine) - maintain water and solute balance

Question 26

how are stored hormones released from posterior pituitary gland

Answer 26

stores in axons from the hypothalamus -> release hormones into capillary beds to body

Question 27

high blood sugar negative feedback

Answer 27

high blood glucose -> beta cells in pancreas secrete insulin (hormone) -> glucose stored as glycogen

Question 28

low blood sugar negative feedback

Answer 28

alpha cells from pancreas secrete hormone glucagon -> glycogen to glucose for energy

Question 29

what hormone released when blood sugar is high

Answer 29

insulin

Question 30

what hormone released when blood sugar is low

Answer 30

glucagon

Question 31

how is stress amplified by the ES

Answer 31

Hypothalamus 1 mg corticotropin releasing factor -> anterior pituitary gland (1 mg hormone) -> adrenal cortex (40 mg cortisol) -> liver (5600 mg glycogen) * gives body energy for survival

Question 32

what kind of feedback is amplification

Answer 32

positive feedback

Question 33

positive feedback: birth

Answer 33

head pushes against cervix -> hypothalamus -> pituitary gland release oxytocin -> oxytocin stimulates contractions -> cycle

Question 34

pheromone functions in animals (3)

Answer 34

- signal readiness for reproduction (ex. ladybugs) - marking territory (ex. dogs and wolves) - alert colony of food (ex. ants)

Question 35

trail pheromones

Answer 35

alert other soil insects of food nearby