Endocrine System Flashcards
Diabetes insipidus
Lack of ADH (released from posterior pituitary)
ADH:
- acts on kidneys to inc water reabsorption
- constrict BV and raise BP
Pituitary gland doesn’t make ADH, so kidneys produce a lot of urine and dont conserve water!
DESMOPRESSIN replaces ADH
Thyroid Gland
Can increase BMR- rate at which cells perform function
- inc body temp
- two thyroid hormones produced: T3 and T4
- negative feedback loop
- damage to thyroid causes hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Decreased secretion of TSH
autoimmune thyroiditis
Go LOW and SLOW as therapy can inc risk of coronary syndromes
LEVOTHYROXINE (T4)
Hypothyroidism symptoms
Muscle weakness
dry skin
muscle cramps
weight gain
slurred speech
intolerance to cold
Glucocorticoids
Affect metabolism of every cell
Secreted by adrenal glands
- increase blood glucose levels by inhibiting insulin and promoting gluconeogenesis
- inc breakdown of proteins and lipids to promote their utilization as energy sources
- suppress inflammatory and immune responses
- inc sensitivity of vascular SM to norepinephrine and Ang II
- promote bronchodilation by making bronchial SM more responsive to SNS
Addisons Disease (hypoadrenalism)
Adrenocortical insufficiency
- too little cortisol and aldosterone
- from: autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex, infection, trauma, or cancer, quick withdrawal of corticosteroid therapy
Symptoms:
Lethargy
Weight loss
Hyperpigmentation
Low BP
Vitiligo
Dehydration
GI disorders
Hypoglycemia
Cushings Syndrome (hyperadrenalism)
Due to high levels of corticosteroids over a prolonged period of time… long term corticosteroid therapy or body makes too much
Symptoms:
Delayed wound healing
Inc risk of infection
Acne
Peptic ulcers
Cushings Seven S’s
Swollen- water and weight gain
Sepsis - immune suppression
Sugar- hyperglycemia
Skinny- arms and legs will be thin
Sight- causes cataracts
Slowly- taper off slowly
Stress- inc dose during stress
