Asthma And COPD Flashcards
Anatomy of Respiratory System
Mouth, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, alveoli
Hila
Where vessels and nerves pass from bronchus to lungs
Connects your lungs to their supporting structures
Alveoli
Functional unit of the lung
Site of O2/CO2 exchange
No muscle, lots of capillaries and thin membrane
Phagocytes
Immune system cells that function to remove foreign material through lymph
- monocytes
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- mast cells
Oxygen transport
Hb carries 98% of O2 in blood
In lungs
- O2 moves across alveolar-capillary membrane and binds with hemoglobin
In cells
- O2 unbinds from Hb and is used in the cells, deoxygenated Hb then returns to lungs
Bronchioles
Regulated by ANS beta cells in lungs
PNS - constriction
SNS - dilation
Dyspnea
Subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing
Inc work of breathing
Bronchospasm
The muscles around the airways constrict
When they tighten, it makes your airways narrow
Air cannot freely flow through constricted airways
Inflammation
The lining of your airways becomes swollen
Don’t allow much air in or out of your lungs
Mucus production
During an asthma attack, your body creates more mucus
Clogs the airways
Asthma triggers
Air pollutants
Cold/flu
Cigarette smoke
Allergens
Respiratory infections
Stress
3 drugs to treat asthma
Albuterol
Beclomethasone
Montelukast
Types of asthma medication deliveries
Quick relief rescue inhaler SABA
Nebulizer
Metered-dose inhaler MDI
Long term LABA
COPD
Hypoxia
Inc work of breathing
Inflammation
Chronic bronchitis (mucus in airways)
Emphysema (bronchioles lose elasticity and alveoli dilate)
COPD treatment
No cure
Stop smoking
Dec exposure to infections
O2 therapy to keep stats from 88-92
