Endocrine System Flashcards
Name 4 general characteristics of a hormone
- it secrets and travels by blood to target cells
- It binds to receptor on target cell
- Receptor initiates next step which results in response
- Response depends on hormone and target cell
Whats the main function of the endocrine gland?
It secrets hormones directly into interstitial fluid, and transports it to the target cell
Whats the main function of the steroid hormone?
Derived from cholesterol; growth, development, energy metabolism, homeostasis and reproduction.
Whats the main function of the Amine/protein hormone?
chains of amino acids of verifying lengths; control or regulate specific physiological processes
how does the hypothalamus play a role in the hormones of the pituitary gland?
releases hormones that stimulate secretion of anterior pituitary hormones and inhibiting hormones that inhibit secretion of anterior pituitary hormone
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce and secrete?
Produces thyroid hormone, Thyroxine(T4), Triiodothyronine(T3); (Stimulate basal metabolic rate), and Calcitonin (reduces blood calcium levels)
What hormones does the parathyroid gland produce and secrete?
parathyroid hormone; responds to low blood calcium of levels; stimulates osteoclasts; inhibits osteoblasts; Increases reabsorption of calcium in kidneys; Stimulates production of calcitriol which stimulates absorption of calcium in intestines
What hormones does the adrenal gland produce and secrete?
cortex (Zona G,F,R); Medulla(DHEA)
What hormones does the pineal gland produce and secrete?
Produces melatonin
What hormones does the Pancreatic islets produce and secrete?
- Glucagon, Insulin, Somatostatin, Pancreatic Polypeptide
What does Glucagon do?
(alpha Cells), increases blood glucose levels
What does Insulin do?
(beta cells), decreases blood glucose levels
What does Somatostatin do?
(delta cells), inhibits insulin and glucagon release
What does Pancreatic polypeptides do?
(PP Cells), role in appetite
What hormones does the Ovaries produce and secrete?
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Inhibin
What does estrogen do?
-Development of female reproductive system
- Regulation of menstrual cycle
- Development of female secondary sex characteristics
- Maintenance of pregnancy
What is progesterone?
- Regulation of menstrual cycle
- Preparing for and maintenance of pregnancy
What is Inhibits?
Inhibits secretion of FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
What hormones does the testes produce and secrete?
Testosterone and Inhibin
What is testosterone?
- Development of male reproductive system
- Maturation of sperm cells
- Development of male secondary sex characteristics
What is inhibin? (male)
Inhibits secretion of FSH which stimulates spermatogenesis
What is the location of the thyroid gland?
in the neck; 2 lobes connected by isthmus
What is the location of the parathyroid gland?
4 small glands embedded in posterior side of thyroid gland; 2 in each lobe
What is the location of the adrenal gland?
located on the top of the kidney
What is the location of the pancreatic Islets?
Pancreas
What is the location of the ovaries?
Found in women
What is the location of the testes?
found on men
