Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

What are the components of blood?

Answer 1

• 55% plasma (water, proteins, nutrients)
• 45% formed elements (RBC, WBC, platelets)

Question 2

Describe what Erythrocytes are?

Answer 2

7-8 micrometers, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, contains no mitochondria or nucleus, Biconcave (red blood cells)

Question 3

Describe what Leukocytes are?

Answer 3

White blood cells (defense), complete cells with organelles and nucleus, leave the bloodstream to go to the infection site or patrol, emigration or diapedesis: movement of WBC out of capillaries

Question 4

What is a buffy layer?

Answer 4

White blood cells and platelets

Question 5

What is a hematocrit?

Answer 5

percentage of red blood cells in blood

Question 6

What are the characteristics of erythrocytes?

Answer 6

• Bright red
• biconcave
• Without organelles

Question 7

What are the types, function, and characteristics of leukocytes? (neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte)

Answer 7

White blood cells, complete cells with organelles and nucleus, leave the bloodstream to go to the infection site or patrol

Question 8

What is hemostasis?

Answer 8

• process to seal the ruptured blood vessel (blood clotting)
• 3 steps: Vascular spasm, formation of platelet plug, coagulation

Question 9

Name the blood clots

Answer 9

Fibrinogen, Thrombosis, Thrombus, Embolus, Embolism

Question 10

What is fibrinogen

Answer 10

blood clotting in hemostasis

Question 11

What is thrombosis

Answer 11

Excessive clot formation due to high platelet numbers

Question 12

What is thrombus

Answer 12

clot

Question 13

What is Embolus

Answer 13

clot that breaks free and is in circulation

Question 14

What is embolism

Answer 14

embolus (clot) that becomes trapped in blood vessels

Question 15

What ions are involved in clotting?

Answer 15

Calcium ions are involved in blood clotting in the heart they are known to accelerate the formation of a visible clot upon the addition of thrombin to plasma or fibrinogen

Question 16

What are the steps in forming a clot?

Answer 16

1. Injury: a blood vessel is severed
2. Vascular Spasm: The smooth muscle in the vessel wall contracts near the injury point, reducing blood loss
3. Platelet Plug formation: The platelets become spiked and stick to each other and the wound site
4. Coagulation: Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which forms a mesh that traps more platelets and erythrocytes, producing a clot

Question 17

What is agglutination?

Answer 17

Clumping of particles together leading to blood clots