Endocrine System Flashcards
Glycogen is converted into…?
Glucose due to glucagon
What is glucose stores as?
Glycogen via the secretion of insulin
Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing aldosterone?
Cortex
Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for producing adrenaline?
Medulla
Provide the function of glucagon:
Increases the level of sugar in the blood
Provide the function of insulin:
Reduces the level of sugar in the blood
Provide the function of oestrogen:
Repairs the endometrium
Make it more vascular
Provide the function of progesterone:
Makes the endometrium thicker and more vascular
Maintains the endometrium
Name the structure that produces progesterone
Corpus luteum
Name the structure that produces oestrogen
Graafian follicle
What hormone is produced by the testes?
Testosterone
What hormone keeps the smooth muscles of the uterus relaxed during pregnancy
Progesterone
Which hormone promotes cyclic changes in the endometrium?
Progesterone
What hormone produced by the ovaries is responsible for secondary sex characteristics?
Oestrogen
What two hormones do the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen and progesterone
What gland is attached to the uterus?
Ovaries
Which hormone causes reabsorption of sodium ions?
Aldosterone
What hormone does the adrenal gland secrete?
Aldosterone and adrenaline
Adrenaline:
Fight or flight
Prepares body to deal with emergency
Function of adrenal gland (aldosterone):
Causes reabsorption of sodium ions
Vital for osmoregulation
Cortisol increases boys resistance to stress,also anti-inflammatory
Islets of Langerhans:
Alpha cells: glucagon (glucose increases)
Beta cells: insulin (glucose decreases) negative feedback affect on each other
Pancreas function:
Both endocrine and exocrine gland
Endocrine- islets of langerhans
Exocrine- pancreatic duct
What is the pancreas attached to?
Small intestine
Thyroid issues:
Hypothyroidism
Adults: myxedema
Children: cretinism
Hyperthyroidism
High metabolic rate
Thyroid function:
Maintained the normal functioning of the heart and neutrons
What does the thyroid increase?
Basal metabolic rate
What does the thyroid secrete?
Thyroxin
What gland is below the larynx?
Thyroid
What is the butterfly shaped gland on the trachea below the larynx?
Thyroid
Hypo-secretion of pituitary gland
Underdevelopment of skeleton
Pituitary dwarfism
Hyper secretion in pituitary gland:
In children: overdevelopment of skeleton
In adults: acromegaly
Pituitary gland chemical coordination:
TSH - thyroid gland - thyroxin
FSH - ovary - ovum
Testes - sperm
LH - ovary - ovulation
Prolactin - mammary gland - breast milk
ACTH - adrenal gland - cortisone and aldosterone
ICSH - testes - testosterone
GH - skeleton and muscles - growth
What is the pituitary gland attached to?
Hypothalamus
What is the name of the receptors in the hypothalamus that detect low water levels?
Osmoreceptors
What do osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect?
Water levels
What does the hypothalamus secrete?
ADH
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Above the pituitary gland
