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anaphy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

one of the two important control systems of the body. It is composed of glands and cells that secrete the chemical signals called hormones into the bloodstream.

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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2
Q

The hormones are secreted in response to humoral, neural,or hormonal stimuli and then travel into the bloodstream (plasma of the blood) to target cells, where they regulate ______?

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

what are 10 the Major Functions of The Endocrine System

A

Regulation of metabolism, Control food intake and digestion, Modulation of tissue development, Regulation of ion levels, Control water balance, Changes in heart rate and blood pressure, Control of blood glucose and other nutrients, Control reproductive functions, Stimulation of uterine contractions and milk release and Modulation of immune system function

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4
Q

a function of End. Sys. that controls the rate of nutrient utilization and energy production

A

Regulation of metabolism

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5
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Regulates the level of satiation (fullness) and the breakdown of food into individual nutrients.

A

Control food intake and digestion

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6
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Influences the development of tissues, such as those of the nervous system.

A

Modulation of tissue development

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7
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Helps monitor blood pH, as well as Na+, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations in the blood.

A

Regulation of ion levels

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8
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Regulates water balance by controlling the solute concentration of the blood.

A

Control water balance

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9
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Helps regulate the heart rate and blood pressure and prepare the body for physical activities.

A

Changes in heart rate and blood pressure

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10
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Regulates the levels of glucose and other nutrients in the blood.

A

Control of blood glucose and other nutrients

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11
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Controls the development and functions of the reproductive systems in male and female.

A

Control reproductive functions

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12
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Regulates uterine contractions during delivery (or menstruation) and stimulates milk release from the breasts in lactating females.

A

Stimulation of uterine contractions and milk release

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13
Q

a function of End. Sys. that Helps control the production of immune cells

A

Modulation of immune system function

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14
Q

what are the 10 Glands of the Endocrine System

A

Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Pineal Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Ovaries, Testes, Pancreas and Adrenal Gland

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15
Q

Maintains the body’s homeostasis and regulates body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Composed of 2 lobes; the anterior, which secretes hormones involved in body’s growth and development, and the posterior, which secretes hormones that increase the reabsorption of water into the kidneys.

A

Pituitary Gland

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17
Q

The pituitary gland is composed of 2 lobes, what are these?

A

anterior and posterior

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18
Q

Responsible for the production of melatonin, which plays a major role in the body’s sleep-wake cycle.

A

Pineal Gland

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19
Q

Butterfly-shaped gland that produces 3 major hormones: calcitonin (helps regulate calcium levels in the blood), triiodothyronine (T3; control of metabolism), and thyroxine (T4; responsible for your metabolism, mood, and body temperature). They help regulate the body’s energy and metabolism

A

Thyroid

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20
Q

thyroid gland produces 3 major hormones, what are these?

A

calcitonin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine

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21
Q

helps regulate calcium levels in the blood

A

calcitonin

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22
Q

T3; control of metabolism

A

triiodothyronine

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23
Q

T4; responsible for your metabolism, mood, and body temperature

A

thyroxine

24
Q

Secretes hormones necessary for calcium absorption.

A

Parathyroid

25
Q

Controls the production of T-cells (white-blood cells) and plays a vital role in the body’s ability to fight diseases

A

Thymus

26
Q

Releases hormones responsible for blood circulation, mental vigor, and sex drive.

A

Ovaries/Testes

27
Q

Secretes estrogen and progesterone, which play a key role in the health of the female reproductive system.

A

Ovary

28
Q

Ovary secretes what kind of hormones?

A

estrogen and progesterone,

29
Q

Secretes testosterone, which is vital for physical development, bone density, and libido in males.

A

Testis

30
Q

Testis secretes what kind of hormone?

A

testosterone

31
Q

Aids in the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood.

A

Pancreas

32
Q

Produces hormones that allow the body to react to stress, such as adrenaline and cortisol.

A

Adrenal Gland

33
Q

The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland are located in our _____?

A

brain

34
Q

The thyroid and parathyroid glands are located in our ____?

A

neck

35
Q

The thymus is located between our?

A

lungs

36
Q

adrenals are located on top of our?

A

kidneys

37
Q

pancreas is located behind our?

A

stomach

38
Q

Your ovaries (if you’re a woman) or testes (if you’re a man) are located in what region of our body?

A

pelvic region

39
Q

This organ connects your endocrine system with your nervous system. Its main job is to tell your pituitary gland to start or stop making hormones.⁣

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

This is the “master” gland of your endocrine system. It uses information it gets from your brain to “tell” other glands in your body what to do.

A

Pituitary gland

41
Q

This gland makes a chemical called melatonin. It helps your body get ready to go to sleep.⁣

A

Pineal gland

42
Q

This gland makes thyroid hormone, which controls your metabolism.

A

Thyroid gland

43
Q

The glands control your levels of calcium and phosphorus.

A

Parathyroid

44
Q

like estrogen they are messenger molecules that are secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine hormones

45
Q

Although endocrine hormones reach virtually every cell in the body in this way, each hormone affects only certain cells, called?

A

target cells

46
Q

type of cell on which a hormone has an effect

A

target cell

47
Q

2 types of endocrine hormones

A

Steroid Hormones and Non-steroid Hormones

48
Q

a hormone made of lipids and diffuses across a target cell’s plasma membrane.

A

Steroid Hormones

49
Q

A steroid hormone and its receptor form a complex, called what?

A

steroid complex,

50
Q

a hormone made of amino acids and is not fat soluble, so it cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane of a target cell.

A

Non-steroid Hormones

51
Q

Hormone production and release are primarily controlled by what kind of feedback?

A

negative feedback

52
Q

There are three mechanisms by which endocrine glands are stimulated to synthesize and release hormones, what are these?

A

Humoral Stimuli, Hormonal Stimuli and Neural Stimuli

53
Q

Refers to the control of hormone release in response to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the ion concentration in the blood.

A

Humoral Stimuli

54
Q

Refers to the release of a hormone in response to another hormone.

A

Hormonal Stimuli

55
Q

The nervous system directly stimulates the endocrine glands to release hormones.

A

Neural Stimuli

56
Q

2 Feedback Mechanisms of Endocrine System

A

Negative Feedback
and Positive Feedback

57
Q

controls the synthesis and secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland. This loop includes the hypothalamus and pituitary glands as well as the thyroid. When the levels of thyroid hormones circulating in the blood fall too low, these structures stop secreting them.

A

Negative Feedback

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