Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy Finals (Lecture) > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Body parts that secrete chemicals directly into the blood stream

A

Endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Refers to molecules released from one location that move to another to produce a response

A

Chemical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type of chemical signal wherein it is produced in one cell and moves to another part of the same cell

A

Intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type of intracellular movement where signals released by cells have a local effect on the same cell type

A

Autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type of intracellular movement where signals released by cells have an effect to cell types in close proximity

A

Paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Refers to nerve cells

A

Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Refers to cells that modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals within the same species

A

Pheromones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemicals secreted into the blood and bind to receptor sites to target certain tissues

A

Hormones and Neurohormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Type of chemical signal released from one cell and binds to another cell via receptors

A

Extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A cell part where a hormone binds/locks

A

Receptor site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Group of cells that respond to specific hormones

A

Target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristic of specific hormones binding to specific receptor sites

A

Specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Type of hormone that cannot penetrate the plasma membrane and would need a membrane-bound receptor

A

Water-soluble hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T or F: Water soluble hormones do not need to enter the nucleus as the response will occur in the cytoplasm

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type of hormone that directly penetrates the phospholipid bilayer because it recognizes the plasma membrane due to its lipid bilayer composition

A

Lipid-soluble hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: Lipid-soluble hormones only need to bind to nuclear receptors as the response needs to occur in the nucleus

A

False (they can also bind to cytoplasmic receptors as an intermediate step before binding to nuclear receptors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The MASTER gland located in the brain which is controlled by the hypothalamus

A

Pituitary Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T or F: The anterior pituitary lobe is made up of glandular tissue while the posterior pituitary lobe is made up of nervous tissue

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the percentage of hormones produced in the anterior lobe?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T or F: Nervous tissue (posterior) can also produce hormones

A

False (they mainly store it from the hypothalamus and only release when needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The only gland that is directly controlled by the nervous system

A

Adrenal Gland (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The two hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

ADH and Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This hormone targets most tissue and is responsible for stimulating bone, muscle, and organ growth

A

Growth Hormone (hGH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This hormone targets the thyroid gland and regulates thyroid secretions

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This hormone targets the ovaries for females and the testes for males for the development of secondary sex characteristics

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This hormone targets the ovarian follicles for females and the seminiferous tubules for males

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This hormone targets the mammary glands and ovaries to induce milk production

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

This hormone targets the kidneys and is responsible for conserving water

A

Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Medical condition which refers to low ADH levels and increased urine production resulting to dehydration and thirst

A

Diabetes Insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This hormone targets the uterus to increase contractions during labor

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

One of the largest glands in the body that requires iodine to function

A

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Chemical that targets bones and functions to decrease calcium levels in the blood

A

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Calcitonin is released by what type of cells?

A

C Cells (parafollicular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The 2 major metabolic iodine-containing hormones

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T or F: T3 must be converted to T4 first before targeting tissues

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Condition characterized by:
→ decreased metabolism
→ weight gain, reduced appetite, and fatigue
→ low temperature and pulse
→ dry and cold skin

A

Hypothyroidism

37
Q

Hypothyroidism is called as what in infants?

A

Cretinism

38
Q

Hypothyroidism is called as what in adults?

A

Myxedema

39
Q

Condition characterized by:
→ increased metabolism
→ weight loss, increased appetite, and nervousness
→ higher temperature and pulse
→ warm and flushed skin

A

Hyperthyroidism

40
Q

Hyperthyroidism can increase the chances of developing what disease?

A

Graves’ Disease (can lead to goiter)

41
Q

Gland that is found posteriorly to the thyroid gland and produces parathormones which target the bones and kidneys

A

Parathyroid gland

42
Q

T or F: If calcium is low, osteoclasts will break down bone matrix so that more calcium circulates the body

A

True

43
Q

T or F: If calcium is high, osteoclasts will break down bone matrix so that less calcium circulates the body

A

False (it does not breakdown bone matrix because it doesn’t need anymore calcium)

44
Q

Glands found on top of the kidneys

A

Adrenal/Suprarenal glands

45
Q

The adrenal medulla produces what 2 hormones needed for the fight or flight response of the body?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

46
Q

The adrenal cortex releases what three types of hormones?

A
  • Mineralocorticoids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Androgens
47
Q

The main type of mineralocorticoid which targets the kidneys so that water and sodium can be retained

A

Aldosterone

48
Q

The main type of glucocorticoid which targets fat and muscle to increase lipid breakdown for energy use and for inflammation reduction

A

Cortisol

49
Q

The secondary sex characteristic for males and the sex driver for females

A

Androgen

50
Q

Gland used for the regulation of blood sugar

A

Pancreas

51
Q

Hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans when glucose levels are too high

A

Insulin

52
Q

Extra glucose is stored as what?

A

Glycogen

53
Q

Condition referring to having too little insulin or faulty insulin receptors

A

Diabetes Mellitus

54
Q

Type of diabetes mellitus that is insulin dependent as daily injections are required since it is genetic

A

Type 1

55
Q

Type of diabetes mellitus that is insulin independent and often found in obese people but can be treated with diet and hypoglycemic agents

A

Type 2

56
Q

This hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans which increases glucose levels in the body

A

Glucagon

57
Q

Glucagon breaks down glycogen into glucose through a process called?

A

Glycogenolysis

58
Q

This gland produces estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

59
Q

This hormone is characterized as being produced by Graafian follicles (placenta) as it stimulates secondary female characteristic development

A

Estrogen

60
Q

This hormone is characterized as being produced by the corpus luteum as it acts with estrogen to induce the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone

61
Q

This gland produces testosterone where it contains Leydig cells

A

Testes

62
Q

This gland lies posterior to the sternum as it is the largest in infants and children

A

Thymus Gland

63
Q

T or F: The thymus gland degenerates in adults

A

True

64
Q

This hormone targets immune system tissues and promotes immune system development and function

A

Thymosin

65
Q

This gland is found situated at the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

A

Pineal Gland

66
Q

This hormone targets the hypothalamus and plays a role in the onset of puberty and circadian rhythm control

A

Melatonin

67
Q

Other name for the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis/Hypophyseal gland

68
Q

The connection of the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum

69
Q

Other name for the anterior pituitary lobe

A

Adenohypophysis

70
Q

Other name for the posterior pituitary lobe

A

Neurohypophysis

71
Q

Other name for the Human Growth Hormone

A

Somatotropin

72
Q

Other name for the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

A

Thyrotropin

73
Q

This hormone targets the adrenal cortex to stimulate the secretion of cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

74
Q

T or F: The function of oxytocin is unknown for males and non-pregnant women

A

True

75
Q

Other name for Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Vasopressin

76
Q

T or F: Usually the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland is non-existent

A

True

77
Q

T or F: More calcitonin = more calcium

A

False (More calcitonin = less calcium)

78
Q

The parathyroid hormone promotes the formation of an active form of vitamin D called?

A

Calcitriol

79
Q

T or F: Calcitriol and Calcitonin are antagonistic to each other

A

True (Calcitriol increases blood Ca levels while Calcitonin decreases it)

80
Q

This segment of the adrenal cortex is where aldosterone comes from

A

Zona Glomerulosa

81
Q

This segment of the adrenal cortex is where cortisol comes from

A

Zona Fasciculata

82
Q

This segment of the adrenal cortex is where androgen comes from

A

Zona Reticularis

83
Q

Main hormone of androgen is called?

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone or DHEA

84
Q

The functional unit of the pancreas is called?

A

Acinus

85
Q

This ovarian hormone increases pubic bone flexibility and dilates the cervix during labor

A

Relaxin

86
Q

This hormone inhibits secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary

A

Inhibin

87
Q

This pancreatic hormone is produced by the delta cells which inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon

A

Somatostatin

88
Q

These polypeptides are produced by the F cells

A

Pancreatic Polypeptides

Anaphy Finals (Lecture) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions